Oracle 21c underscore (hidden) parameters and double-underscore parameters

 

Underscore (_) parameters in 21c:

SELECT /*+ use_hash(x y) */
    ksppinm name,
    ksppstvl value,
    ksppdesc description
FROM
    x$ksppi    x,
    x$ksppcv   y
WHERE
    ( x.indx = y.indx )
    AND bitand(ksppiflg, 268435456) = 0
    AND ksppinm not like '\_\_%' escape '\'
ORDER BY ksppinm;

name	value	description
DBFIPS_140	FALSE	Enable use of crypographic libraries in FIPS mode, public
_4030_dump_bitvec	4095	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error
_4031_dump_bitvec	67194879	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
_4031_dump_interval	300	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
_4031_max_dumps	100	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
_4031_sga_dump_interval	3600	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval
_4031_sga_max_dumps	10	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
_AllowMultInsteadofDDLTrigger	0	Oracle internal parameter to allow multiple instead of DDL triggers
_EnableDDLTtriggerTracing	FALSE	enable ddl trigger tracing
_EnableShadowTypes	FALSE	enable shadow types
_ILM_FILTER_TIME	0	Upper filter time for ILM block compression
_ILM_FILTER_TIME_LOWER	0	Lower filter time for ILM block compression
_ILM_POLICY_NAME	FALSE	User specified ILM policy name
_NUMA_bind_mode	default	Numa bind mode
_NUMA_float_spawner	FALSE	float process spawner
_NUMA_instance_mapping	Not specified	Set of nodes that this instance should run on
_NUMA_pool_size	Not specified	aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
_PX_use_large_pool	FALSE	Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
_REMOVE_INACTIVE_STANDBY_TDE_MASTER_KEY	FALSE	Remove Inactive Standby TDE Master Key
_REMOVE_STDBY_OLD_KEY_AFTER_CHECKPOINT_SCN	TRUE	Remove standby old key after checkpoint SCN
_STFForceTranslateOracleSQL	FALSE	if TRUE translation profile will translate Oracle SQL statements
_STFTranslateDynamicSQL	FALSE	if TRUE translation profile will translate dynamic SQL statements
_VIEW_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY	FALSE	View Dictionary Accessibility Support
_abort_on_mrp_crash	FALSE	abort database instance when MRP crashes
_abort_recovery_on_join	FALSE	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
_ac_enable_dscn_in_rac	FALSE	Enable Dependent Commit SCN tracking
_ac_strict_SCN_check	FALSE	enforce strict SCN check for AC replay across DG failover
_accept_versions		List of parameters for rolling operation
_actgrp_spawn_offload	TRUE	action group spawn offload
_active_instance_count	1024	number of active instances in the cluster database
_active_session_idle_limit	5	active session idle limit
_active_session_legacy_behavior	FALSE	active session legacy behavior
_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	TRUE	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS
_adaptive_direct_read	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Read
_adaptive_direct_write	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Write
_adaptive_fetch_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
_adaptive_log_file_sync_high_switch_freq_threshold	3	Threshold for frequent log file sync mode switches (per minute)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_poll_aggressiveness	0	Polling interval selection bias (conservative=0, aggressive=100)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sampling_count	128	Evaluate post/wait versus polling every N writes
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sampling_time	3	Evaluate post/wait versus polling every N seconds
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sched_delay_window	60	Window (in seconds) for measuring average scheduling delay
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_polling_threshold	200	Ratio of redo synch time to expected poll time as a percentage
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold	50	Percentage of foreground load from when post/wait was last used
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold_aging	1001	Permille of foreground load from when post/wait was last used
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_disable_worker_threshold	50	Percentage of overlap across multiple outstanding writes
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_enable_worker_aging	999900	Per million of redo gen rate when LGWR workers were last used
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_enable_worker_threshold	200	Increase in redo generation rate as a percentage
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_evaluation_fraction	100	Serial/parallel log writer evaluation fraction (in 10000ths)
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_evaluation_interval	60	Serial/parallel log writer evaluation interval (in seconds)
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_sampling_count	128	Evaluate single versus scalable LGWR every N writes
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_sampling_time	3	Evaluate single versus scalable LGWR every N seconds
_adaptive_window_consolidator_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable adaptive window consolidator PX plan
_add_col_optim_enabled	TRUE	Allows new add column optimization
_add_nullable_column_with_default_optim	TRUE	Allows add of a nullable column with default optimization
_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	TRUE	add stale mv to dependency list
_add_trim_for_nlssort	TRUE	add trimming for fixed char semantics
_addm_auto_actions_enabled	TRUE	determines if ADDM can automatically implement its recommendations
_addm_auto_enable	TRUE	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot
_addm_skiprules		comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
_addm_version_check	TRUE	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version
_adg_adt_redirect_apply_lag_threshold	12000	Maximum centi-secends of apply lag threshold
_adg_adt_redirect_catchup_wait_time	12000	Maximum centi-secends for standby to catch up
_adg_auto_close_pdb	TRUE	ADG recovery auto close PDB upon PDB drop/unplug/rename marker
_adg_count_beyond_limit	0	Count the total number of objects if beyond redo marker length.
_adg_defer_segstat	TRUE	Defer the segment statistics update on standby.
_adg_distributed_lockmaster	FALSE	standby runs under ADG distributed lockmaster mode
_adg_influx_qscn_gap	0	maximium time gap between influx scn and qscn update in seconds
_adg_instance_recovery	TRUE	enable ADG instance recovery
_adg_objectlock_attempts	2	Maximum attemps for objectlock get on ADG
_adg_objectlock_maxnum	1000	The maximum limit of the objectlock number on ADG
_adg_objectlock_timeout	0	timeout for objectlock get on ADG in centiseconds
_adg_parselock_timeout	0	timeout for parselock get on ADG in centiseconds
_adg_parselock_timeout_sleep	100	sleep duration after a parselock timeout on ADG in milliseconds
_adg_redirect_upd_to_primary_max_retries	500	max retries for ADT redirect to Primary from ADG
_adjust_literal_replacement	FALSE	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
_adr_migrate_runonce	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action
_advanced_index_compression_cmp_options	0	advanced index compression cmp options
_advanced_index_compression_opt_options	0	advanced index compression opt options
_advanced_index_compression_options	0	advanced index compression options
_advanced_index_compression_options_value	0	advanced index compression options2
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_crsz	10	advanced index compression limit recomp cr
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_cusz	90	advanced index compression limit recomp cu
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_nprg	10	advanced index compression limit recomp pu
_advanced_index_compression_trace	0	advanced index compression trace
_advanced_index_compression_tst_options	0	advanced index compression tst options
_advanced_index_compression_umem_options	2147483647	advanced index compression umem options
_afd_disable_fence	FALSE	Disable AFD fencing
_affinity_on	TRUE	enable/disable affinity at run time
_age_block_batch_timeout_ms	1000	timeout before shipping out the batched age blockmessages in milliseconds
_aged_out_cursor_cache_time	300	number of seconds an aged out session cached cursor stay in cache
_aggregation_optimization_settings	0	settings for aggregation optimizations
_aiowait_timeouts	100	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
_alert_expiration	604800	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue
_alert_message_cleanup	1	Enable Alert Message Cleanup
_alert_message_purge	1	Enable Alert Message Purge
_alert_post_background	1	Enable Background Alert Posting
_alert_segment_size	10	Alert-log segment size in MBs (1024*1024)
_alert_segment_textfile	FALSE	Alert-log text-file also to be segmented
_alert_segments_max	0	Alert-log max segments to retain, 0 for unlimited
_all_shared_dblinks		treat all dblinks as shared
_alloc_perm_as_free	FALSE	allocate permanent chunks as freeable
_allocate_creation_order	FALSE	should files be examined in creation order during allocation
_allocate_flashback_buffer	FALSE	Allocate flashback buffer at mount time even if flashback is off
_allocation_update_interval	3	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated
_allow_cell_smart_scan_attr	TRUE	Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr
_allow_commutativity	TRUE	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions
_allow_compatibility_adv_w_grp	FALSE	allow advancing DB compatibility with guaranteed restore points
_allow_convert_to_standby	FALSE	allow convert to standby to go through
_allow_cross_endian_dictionary	FALSE	Allow cross-endian data dictionary
_allow_cross_version_chunk_move	FALSE	Oracle internal parameter
_allow_drop_snapshot_standby_grsp	FALSE	Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore point
_allow_drop_ts_with_grp	FALSE	Allow drop Tablespace with guaranteed restore points
_allow_error_simulation	FALSE	Allow error simulation for testing
_allow_fallback_to_dbkey	FALSE	if TRUE, allow fallback to dbkey
_allow_file_1_offline_error_1245	FALSE	don't signal ORA-1245 due to file 1 being offline
_allow_insert_with_update_check	FALSE	Allow INSERT as statement_types when update_check is FALSE
_allow_level_without_connect_by	FALSE	allow level without connect by
_allow_privileged_session_dblink_conn	FALSE	Allow privileged session for dblink connection
_allow_read_only_corruption	FALSE	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
_allow_resetlogs_corruption	FALSE	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
_allow_synonym_for_credential	TRUE	Allow public/private synonym for scheduler credential
_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	FALSE	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption
_allow_triggers_on_vpd_table	FALSE	Allow triggers on VPD protected table in DML
_allow_xdb_anonymous_logon	FALSE	Allow XDB anonymous logon
_allowed_pvf_owners		List of schemas allowed to own password verification function
_alter_adg_redirect_behavior	none	Alter ADG's Redirection behavior
_alter_upgrade_signature_only	FALSE	alter table upgrade only sets signature
_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	TRUE	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points
_always_anti_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for anti-join when possible
_always_semi_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for semi-join when possible
_always_star_transformation	FALSE	always favor use of star transformation
_always_vector_transformation	FALSE	always favor use of vector transformation
_analyze_comprehensive	FALSE	Analyze comprehensive mode
_and_pruning_enabled	TRUE	allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms
_app_container_debug	0	Enable Debug tracing in Application container
_app_default_containers	FALSE	containers_default and container_map enabled by default on MDL application object
_app_ignore_errors	TRUE	ignore errors during containers() on application object
_app_replay_silent_errors	FALSE	silently ignore all errors during application sync
_application_purge_enabled	TRUE	Is an application purge allowed
_application_script	FALSE	Running an application script
_apppdb_multi_slave_sync	FALSE	Multiple slaves used during Application sync
_appqos_cdb_setting	0	QoSM CDB Performance Class Setting
_appqos_po_multiplier	1000	Multiplier for PC performance objective value
_appqos_qt	10	System Queue time retrieval interval
_approx_cnt_distinct_gby_pushdown	choose	perform group-by pushdown for approximate distinct count query
_approx_cnt_distinct_optimization	0	settings for approx_count_distinct optimizations
_approx_perc_sampling_err_rate	2	error rate percentage of approximate percentile using sampling
_approx_percentile_optimization	0	settings for approx_percentile optimization
_apx_root_directory	APX	APX default root directory
_aq_Txn_ht_sz	1024	Message cache Txn Hash table size
_aq_addpt_batch_size	1	Add PT batch Size
_aq_dly_bkt	2	Delay Bucket Size
_aq_dq_prefetch_Siz	5	AQ PT DQ prefech Size
_aq_dqblocks_in_cache	0	deq blocks in cache
_aq_droppt_batch_size	5	Drop PT batch Size
_aq_free_list_pools	10	state object and transaction memory pools
_aq_init_shards	5	Minimum enqueue shards per queue at an instance
_aq_ipc_max_slave	10	maximum number of slaves for knlpipcm
_aq_latency_absolute_threshold	300	Absolute threshold greater than average latency
_aq_latency_relative_threshold	100	Relative threshold of average latency
_aq_lb_cycle	120	Time(seconds) between consecutive AQ load balancing efforts
_aq_lb_garbage_col_interval	600	AQ LB garbage collect interval
_aq_lb_stats_collect_cycle	45	Time(seconds) between consecutive AQ load statistics collection
_aq_lb_subht_bkt_ltch	32	AQ LB subscriber ht bucket latches
_aq_lb_subht_elm_ltch	128	AQ LB subscriber ht element latches
_aq_lookback_size	60	AQ PT Look Back Size
_aq_max_pdb_close_msg	1	Max Number of AQ Recovery Messages when pdb is closed
_aq_max_scan_delay	1500	Maximum allowable scan delay for AQ indexes and IOTs
_aq_opt_background_enabled	TRUE	AQ: OPT Operations Background enabled
_aq_opt_enabled	TRUE	AQ: OPT Operations enabled
_aq_opt_fudge_factor	500	AQ: OPT Fudge Factor for pre-fretching
_aq_opt_min_evict_memory	0	AQ: OPT LWM memory for eviction to stop
_aq_opt_preevict_dop	3	AQ: OPT Background: PreEvict Degree Of Parallelism
_aq_opt_prefetch_dop	3	AQ: OPT Background: Prefetch Degree Of Parallelism
_aq_opt_prefetch_horizon	60	AQ: OPT horizon for pre-fretching
_aq_opt_stat_window	21600	AQ: OPT Subscriber Statistics Window Size
_aq_opt_stop_stat	FALSE	AQ: OPT Stop Collection of Subscriber Statistics
_aq_pt_processes	10	Partition background processes
_aq_pt_shrink_frequency	1450	PT shrink window Size
_aq_pt_statistics_window	60	PT statistics sample window Size
_aq_qt_prefetch_Size	5	AQ PT QT prefech Size
_aq_queue_global_service		AQ queue global service
_aq_retry_timeouts	0	retry timeouts
_aq_scrambled_deqlog	1	scrambled deqlog
_aq_shard_bitmap_child_latches	32	Bitmap child latches
_aq_shard_child_latches	512	Shard child latches
_aq_shard_prty_latches	16	Shard priority child latches
_aq_shard_retry_child_latches	32	Retry child latches
_aq_shard_sub_child_Elem_latches	1024	Subscriber Element child latches
_aq_shard_sub_child_latches	512	Subscriber child latches
_aq_shard_txn_child_latches	128	Txn child latches
_aq_stop_backgrounds	FALSE	Stop all AQ background processes
_aq_streaming_threshold	10485760	large payload threshold size
_aq_subshard_Size	20000	Sub Shard Size
_aq_subshards_per_dqpartition	1	SubShards Per Deq Partition
_aq_subshards_per_qpartition	1	SubShards Per Q Partition
_aq_tm_deqcountinterval	0	dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ IOT BLOCKS
_aq_tm_processes_dump_interval	12	Time(minutes) between consecutive Dumps in alert log
_aq_tm_scanlimit	0	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
_aq_tm_statistics_duration	0	statistics collection window duration
_aq_truncpt_batch_size	1	Trunc PT batch Size
_aq_uncached_stats	0	Uncached Stats
_aq_x_mode	1	AQ - cross mode
_aq_x_msg_size	32768	AQ cross single message buffer size
_aqsharded_cache_limit	0	Limit for cached enqueue/dequeue operations
_aqsharded_cached_hint	0	sharded queue cached hint
_aqsharded_enq_fresh_ptn_reload	TRUE	start enqueueing to a fresh partition on reload
_aqsharded_lowmem_timeout	1000	sharded queue low mem timeout (in centiseconds)
_aqsharded_reload_tune	2	sharded queue tune reload behaviour
_arch_comp_dbg_scan	0	archive compression scan debug
_arch_comp_dec_block_check_dump	1	decompress archive compression blocks for checking and dumping
_arch_compress_checksums	FALSE	enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed blocks
_arch_compression	TRUE	archive compression enabled
_arch_io_slaves	0	ARCH I/O slaves
_array_cdb_view_enabled	TRUE	array mode enabled for CDB views
_array_update_vector_read_enabled	FALSE	Enable array update vector read
_ash_compression_enable	FALSE	To enable or disable string compression in ASH
_ash_disk_filter_ratio	10	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk
_ash_disk_write_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
_ash_dummy_test_param	0	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!
_ash_eflush_trigger	66	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered
_ash_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing
_ash_min_mmnl_dump	90	Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump
_ash_progressive_flush_interval	300	ASH Progressive Flush interval in secs
_ash_sample_all	FALSE	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits
_ash_sampling_interval	1000	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs
_ash_size	1048618	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers
_asm_access	auto	ASM File access mechanism
_asm_access_assume_local	FALSE	Assume IOS client is in the same cluster as IOS
_asm_acd_chunks	1	initial ACD chunks created
_asm_admin_with_sysdba	FALSE	Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on ASM?
_asm_allow_appliance_dropdisk_noforce	FALSE	Allow DROP DISK/FAILUREGROUP NOFORCE on ASM Appliances
_asm_allow_appliance_offlineonline	FALSE	Allow OFFLINE/ONLINE DISK/FAILUREGROUP on ASM Appliances
_asm_allow_dangerous_unprotected_volumes	FALSE	Disable checking for unprotected volumes in mirrored disk groups
_asm_allow_dgname_special_chars	FALSE	Enable the use of special characters in diskgroup names
_asm_allow_foreign_siteguids		Disable checking for foreign siteguid on a given node
_asm_allow_lvm_resilvering	TRUE	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
_asm_allow_older_clients	FALSE	Allow older clients to connect to the ASM server
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	TRUE	Discovery only raw devices
_asm_allow_prepare_split	TRUE	Allow database prepare and split in non-appliance mode
_asm_allow_small_memory_target	FALSE	Allow a small memory_target for ASM instances
_asm_allow_system_alias_rename	FALSE	if system alias renaming is allowed
_asm_allow_unsafe_reconnect	TRUE	attempt unsafe reconnect to ASM
_asm_allowdegeneratemounts	FALSE	Allow force-mounts of DGs w/o proper quorum
_asm_appliance_config_file		Appliance configuration file name
_asm_appliance_disable_fg_check	FALSE	Disable failure group check
_asm_appliance_ignore_oak	FALSE	Ignore OAK appliance library
_asm_appliance_slot_from_path	FALSE	Get appliance disk slot from disk path
_asm_asmb_max_wait_timeout	6	timeout before processes are signaled with network interrupt
_asm_asmb_rcvto	10	Receive timeout for ASMB in seconds
_asm_async_scrub_reap_wait	100000	Async scrubbing reaping IO wait in microseconds
_asm_audit_sp_param		ASM audit spare parameter
_asm_ausize	1048576	allocation unit size
_asm_auto_online_interval		auto online interval
_asm_automatic_rezone	TRUE	automatically rebalance free space across zones
_asm_avoid_pst_scans	TRUE	Avoid PST Scans
_asm_blksize	4096	metadata block size
_asm_br_listener_port	51521	Bitrotter listener port for testing purpose
_asm_brfuzz_ios_lsnrport	0	IOS listener port for fuzzing with Bitrotter
_asm_buffer_overlap_tracer	FALSE	Enables kfioBufOverlapTracer
_asm_cancel_alert_time	600	Wait time for I/O cancel alert message (in seconds)
_asm_cancel_delta	75000	Delta timeout for blocking big writes in milliseconds
_asm_cclient_cleanup_timeout	300	timeout before cleaning up remote cluster clients
_asm_check_for_misbehaving_cf_clients	FALSE	check for misbehaving CF-holding clients
_asm_compatibility	11.2.0.2	default ASM compatibility level
_asm_dba_batch	500000	ASM Disk Based Allocation Max Batch Size
_asm_dba_spcchk_thld	100000	ASM Disk Based Allocation Space Check Threshold
_asm_dba_threshold	0	ASM Disk Based Allocation Threshold
_asm_dbmsdg_nohdrchk	FALSE	dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers
_asm_dependency_under_cfenqueue	TRUE	Send dependency request if holding CF enqueue
_asm_diag_dead_clients	FALSE	diagnostics for dead clients
_asm_direct_con_expire_time	120	Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance
_asm_disable_amdu_dump	FALSE	Disable AMDU dump
_asm_disable_async_msgs	FALSE	disable async intra-instance messaging
_asm_disable_dangerous_failgroup_checking	FALSE	Disable checking for dubious failgroup configurations
_asm_disable_failgroup_count_checking	FALSE	Disable checking for failure group count
_asm_disable_failgroup_size_checking	FALSE	Disable checking for failure group size
_asm_disable_multiple_instance_check	FALSE	Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given node
_asm_disable_patch_compat	FALSE	disable DG patch compatibility checks
_asm_disable_proact_client_cleanup	FALSE	disable proactive client cleanup
_asm_disable_profilediscovery	FALSE	disable profile query for discovery
_asm_disable_request_tracer	TRUE	Disable kfioRqTracer
_asm_disable_smr_creation	FALSE	Do Not create smr
_asm_disable_ufg_dump	FALSE	disable terminated umbilicus diagnostic
_asm_disable_ufgmemberkill	FALSE	disable ufg member kill
_asm_disable_vtoc_check	FALSE	Disable vtoc/sector 0 check
_asm_disable_vxn_map_messages	FALSE	disable using vxn map messages
_asm_disk_repair_time	14400	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
_asm_diskerr_traces	2	Number of read/write errors per disk a process can trace
_asm_diskgroup_renew_timeout	20	timeout FENC will give former ASMB group owner to renew
_asm_diskgroups2		disk groups to mount automatically set 2
_asm_diskgroups3		disk groups to mount automatically set 3
_asm_diskgroups4		disk groups to mount automatically set 4
_asm_dump_split_pw	10	Seconds to wait before requesting dump of split pending writes
_asm_emulate_nfs_disk	FALSE	Emulate NFS disk test event
_asm_emulmax	10000	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I /O errors
_asm_emultimeout	0	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
_asm_enable_batch_scrub	FALSE	Allow scrubbing verification to run in batch mode
_asm_enable_kfios	FALSE	Enable KFIOS module
_asm_enable_kfks	FALSE	Enable KFKS module
_asm_enable_lostwrite_scrub	FALSE	Allow lost write detection in scrubbing
_asm_enable_map_share	TRUE	Enable ASM extent map share
_asm_enable_multiple_asmb	TRUE	Allow the ASM client to have multiple ASMB background processes
_asm_enable_parity_scrub	FALSE	Allow scrubbing parity files
_asm_enable_parityfile_creation	TRUE	Enable parity files creation
_asm_enable_repair_lostwrite_scrub	FALSE	Allow repairing lost write in scrubbing
_asm_enable_vfreloc_on_rm	FALSE	Enable voting file relocation on rolling migration
_asm_enable_xrov	FALSE	Enable XROV capability
_asm_evenread	2	ASM Even Read level
_asm_evenread_alpha	0	ASM Even Read Alpha
_asm_evenread_alpha2	0	ASM Even Read Second Alpha
_asm_evenread_faststart	0	ASM Even Read Fast Start Threshold
_asm_fail_random_rx	FALSE	Randomly fail some RX enqueue gets
_asm_fd_cln_idle_sess_twait	60000000	Idle session time wait to run ASM FD cleanup
_asm_fd_cln_on_fg	TRUE	ASM stale FD cleanup on foregrounds
_asm_fob_tac_frequency	9	Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup
_asm_force_parity_extent_check	FALSE	Force parity extent integrity check
_asm_force_paritycheck_rebalance	FALSE	Force parity extent integrity check during rebalance
_asm_force_quiesce	FALSE	Force diskgroup quiescing
_asm_force_vam	FALSE	force VAM for external redundancy
_asm_frag_threshold	50	Percentage threshold before disk/diskgroup is deemed fragmented
_asm_global_dump_level	267	System state dump level for ASM asserts
_asm_hard_check	TRUE	H.A.R.D. check buffer before write operation
_asm_hbeatiowait	120	number of secs to wait for PST Async Hbeat IO return
_asm_hbeatwaitquantum	2	quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat check
_asm_healthcheck_timeout	180	seconds until health check takes action
_asm_idn_processes	0	number of global open processes
_asm_imbalance_tolerance	3	hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate
_asm_instlock_quota	0	ASM Instance Lock Quota
_asm_ios_network_domains	0	number of domains in ASM IOSERVER instance
_asm_ios_network_processes	0	number network processes per domain in ASM IOSERVER instance
_asm_iosconnect_timeout	0	Time (in 3secs multiples) before db gives up on connecting to IOS
_asm_iosfailover_freq	3	Frequency limit after which db gives up on failing over to IOS
_asm_iosfailover_timeout	5	Time window within which db tries to failover to IOS
_asm_iostat_latch_count	31	ASM I/O statistics latch count
_asm_iowp_max_async	0	maximum async IOs per IO worker process
_asm_kfdpevent	0	KFDP event
_asm_kill_unresponsive_clients	TRUE	kill unresponsive ASM clients
_asm_libraries	ufs	library search order for discovery
_asm_log_scale_rebalance	FALSE	Rebalance power uses logarithmic scale
_asm_lsod_bucket_size	67	ASM lsod bucket size
_asm_max_aux_cods	5	maximum number of auxiliary cods in sparse disk groups
_asm_max_clients	1000	maximum number of clients this IOS instance can service
_asm_max_cod_strides	10	maximum number of COD strides
_asm_max_connected_clients	3	The high water mark value for connected clients
_asm_max_kfsg_free_heap_perc	10	Max percentage of SGA memory reserved for kfsga free heap
_asm_max_kfsg_free_heap_size	524288000	Max buffer size reserved for kfsga free heap
_asm_max_occupied	90	Maximum percentage of disk occupied to check for fragmentation
_asm_max_parallelios	256	Maximum simultaneous outstanding IOs
_asm_max_redo_buffer_size	2097152	asm maximum redo buffer size
_asm_maxio	1048576	Maximum size of individual I/O request
_asm_min_compatibility	11.2.0.2	default mininum ASM compatibility level
_asm_min_occupied	50	Minimum percentage of disk occupied to check for fragmentation
_asm_netp_factor	0	number of network processes per net
_asm_netp_iosize	0	maximum io size
_asm_network_timeout	1	Keepalive timeout for ASM network connections
_asm_networks		ASM network subnet addresses
_asm_node_number		ASM node number
_asm_node_site_guid		ASM site GUID of node
_asm_nodekill_escalate_time	180	secs until escalating to nodekill if fence incomplete
_asm_noevenread_diskgroups		List of disk groups having even read disabled
_asm_oda_type		ODA Type
_asm_odapremchk	TRUE	Check premature storage for ODA
_asm_offline_wait_timeout	300	Timeout for offline wait
_asm_offload_all	FALSE	Offload all write operations to Exadata cells, when supported
_asm_ownerid_trace_timeout	600	ownerid tracing threshold in seconds
_asm_partner_target_disk_part	8	target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering
_asm_partner_target_fg_rel	4	target maximum number of failure group relationships for repartnering
_asm_primary_load	1	Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files
_asm_primary_load_cycles	TRUE	True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_procs_trace_diskerr	5	Number of processes allowed to trace a disk failure
_asm_proxy_online_restart	0	Allow patching while ADVM volumes are online
_asm_proxy_startwait	60	Maximum time to wait for ASM proxy connection
_asm_pst_rsinfo	0	file redundancies to consider during PST liveness checks
_asm_pstonpartners	TRUE	Select ideal PST disks following partnership
_asm_random_zone	FALSE	Random zones for new files
_asm_read_cancel	AUTO	Read cancel timeout in milliseconds
_asm_read_cancel_back_out	5000	Time period in milliseconds when no reads are issued to a disk after a read is cancelled
_asm_rebalance_estimates_process	TRUE	Perform rebalance estimates in ARB-A process
_asm_rebalance_plan_size	120	maximum rebalance work unit
_asm_rebalance_space_errors	1000	number of out of space errors allowed before aborting rebalance
_asm_reloc_cic	FALSE	Allow relocation during rolling migration
_asm_relocation_async_lock_count	128	limit of asynchronous map locks during relocation
_asm_relocation_ignore_hard_failure	0	ignore HARD for relocation
_asm_relocation_scheme	alloc_p2 alloc_s3 reb_p2 reb_s1 bal_p2 bal_s3 prep_p2 prep_s3	ASM allocation / relocation scheme
_asm_relocation_trace	FALSE	enable extent relocation tracing
_asm_remote_client_timeout	300	timeout before killing disconnected remote clients
_asm_repairquantum	60	quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk drop
_asm_reserve_slaves	TRUE	reserve ASM slaves for CF txns
_asm_resyncCkpt	1024	number of extents to resync before flushing checkpoint
_asm_root_directory	ASM	ASM default root directory
_asm_runtime_capability_volume_support	FALSE	runtime capability for volume support returns supported
_asm_scrub_async	TRUE	Enable asynchronous scrubbing
_asm_scrub_disable_cod	FALSE	Disable scrubbing COD
_asm_scrub_limit	AUTO	ASM disk scrubbing power
_asm_scrub_max_cod_wait	5	Number of minutes to delay scrub COD recovery
_asm_scrub_strict	FALSE	Enable strict scrubbing mode
_asm_scrub_unmatched_dba	1024	Scrub maximum number of blocks with unmatched DBA
_asm_secondary_load	10000	Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files
_asm_secondary_load_cycles	FALSE	True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_serialize_volume_rebalance	FALSE	Serialize volume rebalance
_asm_shadow_cycle	3	Inverse shadow cycle requirement
_asm_shared_pool_latch_timeout	30	seconds before terminating inst if ASMB is waiting for shared pool latch during shutdown
_asm_showpdb_asmtbl	FALSE	Allow asm table values to be shown in pdb
_asm_skip_dbfile_ios	FALSE	Skip I/Os to database files (do only ASM metadata I/O)
_asm_skip_diskval_check	FALSE	skip client side discovery for disk revalidate
_asm_skip_rename_check	FALSE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for rename
_asm_skip_resize_check	FALSE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize
_asm_slow_client_timeout_percentage	50	Percentage of the write cancel timeout to detect slow client.
_asm_storagemaysplit	FALSE	PST Split Possible
_asm_stripesize	131072	ASM file stripe size
_asm_stripewidth	8	ASM file stripe width
_asm_sync_rebalance	FALSE	Rebalance uses sync I/O
_asm_tcp_user_timeout	1	TCP_USER_TIMEOUT in minutes
_asm_trace_limit_timeout	30000	Time-out in milliseconds to reset the number of traces per disk and the number of processes allowed to trace
_asm_ufg_nw_wait_timeout	10	seconds to start health check on unresponsive clients
_asm_usd_batch	64	ASM USD Update Max Batch Size
_asm_wait_time	18	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
_asm_write_badfdata_in_contentcheck	FALSE	Write BADFDA7A in content check
_asm_write_cancel	AUTO	Write timeout in milliseconds
_asm_write_cancel_timeout_percentage	30	Percentage of the write timeout to wait before optional offline
_asm_xrov_cachelgio	1	ADVM cache large IO
_asm_xrov_nstats	0	Specify number of IOs before stats
_asm_xrov_nvios	24	Specify number of VIO processes
_asm_xrov_rsnmod	2	Specify 'reason' mode
_asm_xrov_single	FALSE	Enable single issues of IOs
_asm_zero_power_limit		allow setting zero power limit
_asmsid	asm	ASM instance id
_assert_encrypted_tablespace_blocks	TRUE	if TRUE, assert encrypted tablespace blocks must be encrypted
_assert_single_current_buffer	FALSE	if TRUE, check and assert only one current buffer
_assm_auto_tracing_threshold	10000	ASSM threshold to start space search tracing
_assm_default	TRUE	ASSM default
_assm_examination_blocks_threshold	8196	ASSM get space number of fuzzy blocks to examine
_assm_examination_enable_sla	FALSE	ASSM get space enable examination limits
_assm_examination_time_threshold	60	ASSM get space examination time threshold in seconds
_assm_force_fetchmeta	FALSE	enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan
_assm_high_gsp_threshold	11024	Number of blocks rejected before growing segment
_assm_l1cleanout_throttle_time	3	L1 bitmap block cleanout throttle time in seconds
_assm_latency_sampling_frequency	0	ASSM Latency sampling frequency in seconds
_assm_low_gsp_threshold	10000	Number of blocks rejected before collecting stats
_assm_segment_extension_percent	100	Percent of full blocks after which segment is extended
_assm_segment_repair_bg	TRUE	ASSM Segment repair: bg enable
_assm_segment_repair_fg	0	ASSM Segment repair: fg
_assm_segment_repair_maxblks	4294967294	ASSM Segment repair: Max blocks per slave
_assm_segment_repair_timelimit	60	ASSM Segment repair: Max time in seconds per slave
_assm_space_cache_hb_expire	3	Seconds after which higher order bitmaps expire from space cache
_assm_space_cache_max_segments	1024	ASSM Maximum Segments to Track
_assm_test_force_rej	0	assm min number of blocks to cbk-reject
_assm_test_force_rej2	0	assm min number of blocks to kdt-reject
_assm_test_reentrant_gsp	FALSE	assm test reentrant gsp
_async_recovery_claims	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
_async_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
_async_rta_broadcast	FALSE	asynchronously broadcast RTA boundary
_async_scn_sync	OFF	Asynchronous SCN Sync Setting
_async_ts_threshold	1	check tablespace thresholds asynchronously
_atp_block_size_default	TRUE	ATP setting block size to 8K
_auto_assign_cg_for_sessions	FALSE	auto assign CGs for sessions
_auto_bmr	enabled	enable/disable Auto BMR
_auto_bmr_bg_time	3600	Auto BMR Process Run Time
_auto_bmr_fc_time	60	Auto BMR Flood Control Time
_auto_bmr_file_header	TRUE	Enable Auto BMR for file header fix
_auto_bmr_max_rowno	1024	x$krbabrstat Max number of rows
_auto_bmr_noretry_window	1800	Auto BMR NoRetry Window
_auto_bmr_pub_timeout	10	Auto BMR Publish Timeout
_auto_bmr_req_timeout	60	Auto BMR Requester Timeout
_auto_bmr_sess_threshold	30	Auto BMR Request Session Threshold
_auto_bmr_sys_threshold	100	Auto BMR Request System Threshold
_auto_dismount_on_pdb_close	FALSE	Enable implicit PDB dismount on PDB close
_auto_export_preplugin_backup	TRUE	auto export pre-plugin backup
_auto_manage_enable_offline_check	TRUE	perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to ONLINE
_auto_manage_enable_smart_rebalance	TRUE	OFFLINE instead of DROP disk(s) when free space is not enough for rebalance
_auto_manage_exadata_disks	TRUE	Automate Exadata disk management
_auto_manage_infreq_tout	0	TEST: Set infrequent timeout action to run at this interval, unit is seconds
_auto_manage_ioctl_bufsz	8192	oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell notifications
_auto_manage_max_online_tries	3	Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk
_auto_manage_num_pipe_msgs	1000	Max. number of out-standing msgs in the KXDAM pipe
_auto_manage_num_tries	2	Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation
_auto_manage_online_tries_expire_time	86400	Allow Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk after lapsing this time (unit in seconds)
_auto_manage_smart_rebalance_grace_period_in_min	0	Number of minutes waited after ASM diskgroup free space increases and becomes sufficient for rebalance before dropping an ASM disk offlined due to insufficient free space
_auto_manage_smart_rebalance_space_threshold	0	Percentage of ASM diskgroup free space required for rebalance
_auto_mv_enabled	FALSE	enable/disable Auto MV logic in the sql access advisor
_auto_rcv_pdb_open	1	enable automatic recovery during pdb open
_auto_rekey_during_mrcv	TRUE	enable automatic rekey during media recovery
_automatic_maintenance_test	0	Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode
_automemory_broker_interval	3	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto memory
_autoptn_costing	FALSE	DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION is compiling query for cost estimates
_autoptn_flags	0	DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION flags
_autoptn_translate_table_name		DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION table name translation
_autoptn_workload_id	0	DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION workload id
_autosts_capture_control	3	internal controls for auto STS capture
_autosts_long_interval	0	Auto STS long flush interval
_autosts_retention_interval	31	Auto STS retention interval
_autosts_short_interval	300	Auto STS short flush interval
_autotask_max_window	480	Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_min_window	15	Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_test_action	0	test action parameter for AUTOTASK
_autotask_test_name	N/A	Name of current Autotask Test (or test step)
_autotbs_management_enabled	FALSE	allow automatic tablespace management
_autotune_gtx_idle_time	600	idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background process
_autotune_gtx_interval	5	interval to autotune global transaction background processes
_autotune_gtx_threshold	60	auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction concurrency
_aux_dfc_keep_time	1440	auxiliary datafile copy keep time in minutes
_aux_storage_size	0	Auxillary storage for PDB.
_available_core_count	0	number of cores for this instance
_avoid_scn_growth	1	enable scn growth optimizations
_awr_cdbperf_threshold	21	Setting for AWR CDBPERF Threshold
_awr_corrupt_mode	FALSE	AWR Corrupt Mode
_awr_data_masking	FALSE	Enable/Disable AWR data masking functionality
_awr_disabled_flush_tables		Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
_awr_disabled_purge_tables		Disable purging of specified AWR tables
_awr_enable_pdb_snapshots	TRUE	Enable/Disable AWR PDB level snapshots
_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	TRUE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics
_awr_flush_workload_metrics	FALSE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
_awr_incremental_flush_enabled	TRUE	Enable/Disable AWR automatic incremental flushing
_awr_metrics_use_mmnl	FALSE	Use MMNL or other background process for AWR metrics
_awr_mmon_cpuusage	TRUE	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_all_expired	FALSE	Allows deep purge to purge AWR data for all expired snapshots
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_extent	7	Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_interval	7	Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_numrows	5000	Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep purge run
_awr_partition_interval	0	Setting for AWR Partition Interval
_awr_pdb_registration_enabled	FALSE	Parameter to enable/disable AWR PDB Registration
_awr_restrict_mode	FALSE	AWR Restrict Mode
_awr_snapshot_level	BESTFIT	Set Default AWR snapshot level
_awr_sql_child_limit	200	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
_awr_warehouse_enabled	TRUE	Enable/Disable AWR warehouse functionality
_b_tree_bitmap_plans	TRUE	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes
_ba_cf_trace_buffer_size	131072	size of per-process I/O KBC trace buffer
_ba_container_filesystem_ausize	4194304	allocation unit size for Backup Appliance containers
_ba_max_containers	0	maximum number of Backup Appliance containers
_ba_max_groups	0	maximum number of Backup Appliance container groups
_ba_max_seg_bytes	4000	maximum number of bytes per array segment
_ba_timeouts_enabled	TRUE	enable timeouts
_background_process_opts	0	Misc BG procs parameter
_backup_align_write_io	TRUE	align backup write I/Os
_backup_appliance_enabled	FALSE	Backup Appliance Enabled
_backup_automatic_retry	10	automatic retry on backup write errors
_backup_block0	default	backup block0
_backup_bool_spare1	FALSE	backup bool spare1
_backup_bool_spare2	FALSE	backup bool spare2
_backup_bool_spare3	FALSE	backup bool spare3
_backup_bool_spare4	FALSE	backup bool spare4
_backup_compress	FALSE	turn on backup compression always
_backup_disk_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_io_slaves	0	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
_backup_dynamic_buffers	TRUE	dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes
_backup_encrypt_opt_mode	4294967294	specifies encryption block optimization mode
_backup_file_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for file access
_backup_file_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for file access
_backup_int_spare1	4294967294	backup int spare1
_backup_int_spare2	4294967294	backup int spare2
_backup_int_spare3	4294967294	backup int spare3
_backup_int_spare4	4294967294	backup int spare4
_backup_interrupt_wait_time	1000	specifies interrupt wait time in centi seconds
_backup_io_pool_size	1048576	memory to reserve from the large pool
_backup_kgc_bz2_bufsz	0	specifies buffer size to be used by BZ2 compression
_backup_kgc_bz2_niters	0	specifies number of iterations done by BZ2 compression
_backup_kgc_bz2_type	0	specifies type used by BZ2 compression
_backup_kgc_bzip2_blksiz	9	specifies buffer size to be used by BZIP2 compression
_backup_kgc_lzo_bufsz	262144	specifies buffer size to be used by LZO compression
_backup_kgc_medium_scheme	DEFAULT	specifies medium compression scheme
_backup_kgc_scheme	ZLIB	specifies compression scheme
_backup_kgc_zlib_complevel	1	specifies compression (performance) level for ZLIB compression
_backup_kgc_zlib_memlevel	8	specifies memory level for ZLIB compression
_backup_kgc_zlib_windowbits	15	specifies window size for ZLIB compression
_backup_kgc_zstd_bufsz	262144	specifies buffer size to be used by ZSTD compression
_backup_kgc_zstd_complevel	3	specifies compression (performance) level for ZSTD compression
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufmem_max	268435456	maximum amount of memory (in bytes) used for buffers for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_max_gap_size	4294967294	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes
_backup_max_wallet_session	50	specifies maximum wallet session for backup
_backup_min_ct_unused_optim	2097152	mimimun size in bytes of change tracking to apply unused space optimuzation
_backup_seq_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_backup_seq_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_backup_text_spare1		backup text spare1
_backup_text_spare2		backup text spare2
_backup_text_spare3		backup text spare3
_backup_text_spare4		backup text spare4
_bct_bitmaps_per_file	8	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
_bct_buffer_allocation_max	1073741824	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes
_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	1	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation
_bct_buffer_allocation_size	2097152	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
_bct_chunk_size	0	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
_bct_crash_reserve_size	262144	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes
_bct_file_block_size	0	block size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_file_extent_size	0	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_fixtab_file		change tracking file for fixed tables
_bct_health_check_interval	60	CTWR health check interval (seconds), zero to disable
_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	0	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers
_bct_mrp_timeout	5	CTWR MRP wait timeout (seconds), zero to wait forever
_bct_public_dba_buffer_dynresize	2	allow dynamic resizing of public dba buffers, zero to disable
_bct_public_dba_buffer_dynresize_delay	3600	control frequency of dynamic resizing of public dba buffers
_bct_public_dba_buffer_maxsize	0	max buffer size permitted for public dba buffers, in bytes
_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	0	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes
_bequeath_via_broker	FALSE	Bequeath connections via broker
_bg_spawn_diag_opts	0	background processes spawn diagnostic options
_big_scn_test_mode	2	testing mode for BigSCN
_bigdata_external_table	TRUE	enables use of ORACLE_HIVE and ORACLE_HDFS access drivers
_bigdata_offload_flag	FALSE	BigDataSQL offload flag
_bigram_dependency_percentage	5	Bigram dependency percentage
_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_block_change_tracking_file		file location for broker to reenable BCT
_block_dump_assert	FALSE	Encrypted block dump assert
_block_level_offload_high_lat_thresh	40000	High Latency Threshold for Block Level Offload operations
_block_sample_readahead_prob_threshold	10	controls readahead value during block sampling
_blockchainHeapSize	0	Set the heap size in bytes for blockchain
_blockchainTracing	0	Set tracing for blockchain
_blockchain_forced_off	NOT_SET	force off blockchain
_blockchain_txn_apis_enabled	TRUE	If true, the txn layer blockchain API'S kick in
_blockchain_txn_test_lvl	0	blockchain txn test lvl
_blockhm_flush_period	3600	Block heat map background flush period
_blocking_sess_graph_cache_size		blocking session graph cache size in bytes
_blocks_per_cache_server	16	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
_bloom_extent_size	0	bloom filter extent size in bytes
_bloom_filter_debug	0	debug level for bloom filtering
_bloom_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter
_bloom_filter_ratio	35	bloom filter filtering ratio
_bloom_filter_setops_enabled	TRUE	Allow bloom filter to be pushed through set operations
_bloom_filter_size	0	bloom filter vector size (in KB)
_bloom_folding_density	16	bloom filter folding density lower bound
_bloom_folding_enabled	TRUE	Enable folding of bloom filter
_bloom_folding_min	0	bloom filter folding size lower bound (in KB)
_bloom_max_size	262144	maximum bloom filter size (in KB)
_bloom_max_wait_time	50	bloom filter wait time upper bound (in ms)
_bloom_minmax_enabled	TRUE	enable or disable bloom min max filtering
_bloom_predicate_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown
_bloom_predicate_offload	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate offload to cells
_bloom_pruning_enabled	TRUE	Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering
_bloom_pruning_setops_enabled	TRUE	Allow bloom pruning to be pushed through set operations
_bloom_pushing_max	512	bloom filter pushing size upper bound (in KB)
_bloom_pushing_total_max	262144	bloom filter combined pushing size upper bound (in KB)
_bloom_rm_filter	FALSE	remove bloom predicate in favor of zonemap join pruning predicate
_bloom_serial_filter	ON	enable serial bloom filter on exadata
_bloom_sm_enabled	TRUE	enable bloom filter optimization using slave mapping
_bloom_use_shared_pool	FALSE	use shared pool for bloom filter
_bloom_wait_on_rac	FALSE	enables bloom filter (with hash hash distribution) wait on RAC
_boc_mode	AUTO	Broadcast-on-commit mode
_boc_rdma_wait_time	0	BOC RDMA busy wait time (microseconds)
_bps_sanity_checks	FALSE	enable BPS sanity checks
_branch_tagging	TRUE	enable branch tagging for distributed transaction
_broadcast_scn_mode	1	broadcast-on-commit scn mode
_broadcast_scn_wait_timeout	10	broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds
_bsln_adaptive_thresholds_enabled	TRUE	Adaptive Thresholds Enabled
_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
_buddy_instance	1	buddy instance control
_buddy_instance_num_read_buffers	4	Num of Read Buffers to scan everytime in Buddy Instance feature
_buddy_instance_scan_phase_threshold	3	Threshold (in secs) to let RMS0 construct the recovery set
_buddy_instance_start_rba_timeout	9	Time-out for re-computing Start RBA in Buddy Instance feature
_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	100	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
_buffer_requests_to_drain	5	Buffer for requests to drain before planned failover
_buffered_message_spill_age	300	Buffered message spill age
_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture
_bufq_stop_flow_control	FALSE	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
_bug30932330_forceopen_bind_undotbs	FALSE	one-hundred-and-forty-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_bug31789178_asm_quorum_hb	FALSE	Allow Quorum Disk Heartbeat
_bug31828999_lm_nodrm_service_pct	95	minimum nonsingleton service access percentage to disable drm
_bug31897178_kspdgctrl		eighty-fourth spare parameter - string
_bug31918168_keusp_stream_batch_size	DEFAULT	Number of KEUSP buffers to flush in a stream batch
_bug31990919_keusp_max_num_alloc_buf	DEFAULT	Maximum number of KEUSP buffers in shared memory
_bug32093558_j0_deq_maxwait_time	0	eighth spare parameter - integer
_bug32093558_srvntfn_max_job_time	180	seventh spare parameter - integer
_bug32171622_asm_reloc_restart_timeout	900	csecs before signaling ORA-15424 when waiting for orphans
_bug32183142_hang_fast_track_progressing_sessions	FALSE	Hang Management fast-track progressing sessions enabled
_bug32498459_max_small_page_sga_size	34359738368	Maximum SGA size with small pages
_bug32533019_DON_for_update_enabled	FALSE	Default on null for update feature enabled
_bug32823692_hang_parsing_hangs_resolution_interval	0	Hang Manager parsing hangs resolution interval
_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	TRUE	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
_bump_highwater_mark_count	0	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM
_bwr_for_flushed_pi	TRUE	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
_bypass_sensitive_context	FALSE	bypass sensitive handling for specific SYS_CONTEXT() parameters
_bypass_srl_for_so_eor	FALSE	bypass SRL for S/O EOR logs
_bypass_xplatform_error	FALSE	bypass datafile header cross-platform-compliance errors
_c3_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	4464	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN
_cache_fusion_pipelined_updates	TRUE	Configure smart fusion block transfer
_cache_fusion_pipelined_updates_enable		Enable smart fusion block transfer
_cache_orl_during_open	ALL	cache online logs
_cache_stats_monitor	FALSE	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
_capability_simulate		Simulate the capabilities for testing
_capture_buffer_size	65536	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
_capture_pgadep	0	capture statements at this pgadep
_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for capture publishers
_case_sensitive_logon	TRUE	case sensitive logon enabled
_catalog_foreign_restore	FALSE	catalog foreign file restore
_causal_standby_wait_timeout	20	Causal standby wait timeout
_cdb_compatible	TRUE	CDB Compatible
_cdb_cross_container	65535	Debug flag for cross container operations
_cdb_disable_pdb_limit	FALSE	CDB Compatible
_cdb_fleet_sync_timeout	10	Time in minutes to wait for sync of stub entry in CDB Fleet
_cdb_init_batch_size	100	Batch size for reading pdb info during CDB mount
_cdb_port	0	Port number for CDB Servlet
_cdb_rac_affinity	TRUE	rac affinity for parallel cdb operations
_cdb_special_old_xplan	TRUE	display old-style plan for CDB special fixed table
_cdb_spfile_inherit	FALSE	Inherit CDB Spfile enabled/disabled in a PDB
_cdb_svlt_use_tcps	FALSE	Use TCPS for CDB Servlet
_cdb_view_no_skip_migrate	FALSE	do not skip OPEN MIGRATE PDBs from results of CONTAINERS()
_cdb_view_no_skip_restricted	FALSE	do not skip RESTRICTED mode PDBs from results of CONTAINERS()
_cdb_view_parallel_degree	65535	Parallel degree for a CDB view query
_cdb_view_prefetch_batch_size	200	Batch Size for Prefetch for a CDB view query
_cdb_view_rc_shelflife	30	Result Cache Shelflife for a CDB view query
_cdb_view_recursive_px_enabled	TRUE	enable parallelism of recursive SQL under CONTAINERS()
_cdc_subscription_owner		Change Data Capture subscription_owner
_cdmp_diagnostic_level	2	cdmp directory diagnostic level
_cell_fast_file_create	TRUE	Allow optimized file creation path for Cells
_cell_fast_file_restore	TRUE	Allow optimized rman restore for Cells
_cell_file_format_chunk_size	0	Cell file format chunk size in MB
_cell_index_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index FFS
_cell_materialize_all_expressions	FALSE	Force materialization of all offloadable expressions on the cells
_cell_materialize_virtual_columns	TRUE	enable offload of expressions underlying virtual columns to cells
_cell_metadata_compression	AUTO	Cell metadata compression strategy
_cell_object_expiration_hours	24	flashcache object expiration timeout
_cell_offload_backup_compression	TRUE	enable offload of backup compression to cells
_cell_offload_capabilities_enabled	1	specifies capability table to load
_cell_offload_complex_processing	TRUE	enable complex SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_expressions	TRUE	enable offload of expressions to cells
_cell_offload_grand_total	TRUE	allow offload of grand total aggregations
_cell_offload_hybrid_processing	TRUE	enable hybrid SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_hybridcolumnar	TRUE	Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables to exadata
_cell_offload_predicate_reordering_enabled	FALSE	enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_sys_context	TRUE	enable offload of SYS_CONTEXT evaluation to cells
_cell_offload_timezone	TRUE	enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_vector_groupby	TRUE	enable SQL processing offload of vector group by
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_external	TRUE	enable cell offload of vector group by with external tables
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_fact_key	TRUE	enable cell offload of vector group by with fact grouping keys
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_force	FALSE	force offload of vector group by
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_withnojoin	TRUE	allow offload of vector group by without joins
_cell_offload_virtual_columns	TRUE	enable offload of predicates on virtual columns to cells
_cell_range_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index range scans
_cell_storidx_minmax_enabled	TRUE	enable Storage Index Min/Max optimization on the cells
_cell_storidx_mode	EVA	Cell Storage Index mode
_cellcache_clause_default		Default cellcache clause for new tables
_cellcache_default_flags	2	Default flags based on cellcache_clause_default
_cellcache_default_new	FALSE	Force cellcache on new tables
_cgs_allgroup_poll_time	20000	CGS DBALL group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_big_group_enabled	FALSE	big group membership support
_cgs_clscevents_dumpinterval	600	cgs clsce events statistics dump interval in seconds
_cgs_combine_css_events	31	CGS registration flags for CSS event combining
_cgs_comm_readiness_check	1	CGS communication readiness check
_cgs_dball_group_registration	local	CGS DBALL group registration type
_cgs_dbgroup_poll_time	600	CGS DB group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_health_check_in_reconfig	FALSE	CGS health check during reconfiguration
_cgs_memberkill_from_rim_instance	FALSE	allow a RIM instance to issue a CSS member kill
_cgs_msg_batch_size	4096	CGS message batch size in bytes
_cgs_msg_batching	TRUE	CGS message batching
_cgs_node_kill_escalation	TRUE	CGS node kill escalation to CSS
_cgs_node_kill_escalation_wait	0	CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds
_cgs_os_level_connection_check	1	allow OS level connection and interface check
_cgs_os_level_connection_dynamicthread	TRUE	allow oraping to spawn more threads than the default.
_cgs_os_level_connection_reqno	0	number of ping rqst to process at once, threads created
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_chm	rcfg-half-timeout,rcfg-timeout,rcfg-done,idleconn-half-timeout,idleconn-timeout-imr,idleconn-cln,rcfg-begin,rcfg-pngchkdone,rcfg-memchg	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for CHM
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_chmjf	TRUE	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for CHM with CHM'S JASON format
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_chmjf_batchsz	0	batch size of cgs events publishing to CHM in json format via clsce event stream
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_haip	TRUE	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for HAIP
_cgs_query_net_interface	SCLSI	api to query network interface
_cgs_reconfig_extra_wait	3	CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_timeout	0	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
_cgs_send_timeout	300	CGS send timeout value
_cgs_support_rim_disc	TRUE	rim instance disconnect and reconnect event support
_cgs_ticket_sendback	50	CGS ticket active sendback percentage threshold
_cgs_tickets	1000	CGS messaging tickets
_cgs_zombie_member_kill_wait	20	CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds
_change_vector_buffers	1	Number of change vector buffers for media recovery
_change_vector_read_sample_ratio	0	Sample ratio of change vector read timestamp on ADG
_check_block_after_checksum	FALSE	check block before write irrespective of db_block_checking
_check_block_new_invariant_for_flashback	FALSE	check block new invariant for flashback
_check_column_length	TRUE	check column length
_check_pdbid_in_redo	FALSE	Enable checking of pluggable database ID in redo
_check_ts_threshold	0	check tablespace thresholds
_child_read_ahead_dba_check	FALSE	if TRUE, assert child read ahead dba to be continuous of parent
_cleanout_shrcur_buffers	TRUE	if TRUE, cleanout shrcur buffers
_cleanup_rollback_entries	100	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
_cleanup_timeout	150	timeout value for PMON cleanup
_cleanup_timeout_flags	0	flags for PMON cleanup timeout
_clear_buffer_before_reuse	FALSE	Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security
_clear_preserved_buffers	TRUE	Clear preserved buffers before DB reopen after switchover
_cli_cachebktalloc	100	Percentage of memory to allocate
_client_enable_auto_unregister	FALSE	enable automatic unregister after a send fails with timeout
_client_features_tracking_enable	TRUE	track client feature uage
_client_ntfn_cleanup_interval	2400	interval after which dead client registration cleanup task repeats
_client_ntfn_pinginterval	75	time between pings to unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingretries	6	number of times to ping unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingtimeout	30000	timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients
_client_result_cache_bypass	FALSE	bypass the client result cache
_client_result_cache_ramthreshold		client_result_cache_ramthreshold
_client_result_set_threshold		client_result_set_threshold
_client_tstz_error_check	TRUE	Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with Timezone operations
_clone_during_split	TRUE	if TRUE, clone buffer during index split
_clone_one_pdb_recovery	FALSE	Recover ROOT and only one PDB in clone database
_close_cached_open_cursors	FALSE	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
_close_deq_by_cond_curs	FALSE	Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors
_cloud_mandatory_profile_setup	FALSE	Mandatory Profile Setup for Multitenant Cloud Environment
_cloud_name		gsm cloud name
_cloud_service_sim	0	simulate cloud services in Database
_cloud_service_type		cloud service type
_cloudsql_offload_enabled	FALSE	enable CloudSQL cell offload support
_cluster_database_instances	1	number of instances to use for sizing cluster db SGA structures
_cluster_flash_cache_slave_file		cluster flash cache slave file for default block size
_cluster_flash_cache_slave_size	0	cluster flash cache slave file size for default block size
_cluster_instances_number	4	number of instances to calculate number of resource buckets
_cluster_library	clss	cluster library selection
_clusterwide_global_transactions	TRUE	enable/disable clusterwide global transactions
_collapse_wait_history	FALSE	collapse wait history
_collect_tempundo_stats	TRUE	Collect Statistics v$tempundostat
_collect_undo_stats	TRUE	Collect Statistics v$undostat
_column_compression_factor	0	Column compression ratio
_column_elimination_off	FALSE	turn off predicate-only column elimination
_column_level_stats	OFF	Turn column statistics collection on or off
_column_stats_flush_interval	60	column-level statistics flush to disk interval
_column_stats_max_entries_per_stat	5	column-level statistics max entries saved per stat type
_column_stats_mem_limit	10	percentage of the max shared pool column-level statistics can use - internal
_column_tracking_level	53	column usage tracking
_common_data_view_enabled	TRUE	common objects returned through dictionary views
_common_user_prefix	C##	Enforce restriction on a prefix of a Common User/Role/Profile name
_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	16384	Size of the compilation call heaps extents
_complex_view_merging	TRUE	enable complex view merging
_component_timing		Oracle parameter used for component tracking and timing
_composite_interval_partition_creation_opt_enabled	TRUE	when creating interval/auto list partitions, defer subpartition segment creation until a row for the subpartition is inserted
_compression_above_cache	0	number of recompression above cache for sanity check
_compression_advisor	0	Compression advisor
_compression_chain	90	percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression
_compression_compatibility	21.0.0	Compression compatibility
_con_map_sql_enforcement	TRUE	disable container map SQL enforcement
_concurrency_chosen	10	what is the chosen value of concurrency
_connect_by_use_union_all	TRUE	use union all for connect by
_connect_string_settings_after_logon_triggers	0	set connect string session settings after logon triggers
_connect_string_settings_unalterable	0	make connect string session settings unalterable
_connection_broker_handout_accept	FALSE	connection broker accepts prior to handout
_connection_broker_host	localhost	connection broker host for listen address
_connstr_test_param	0	connect string workload behavior spare param
_consensus_follower_election_timeout	12000	consensus follower's election timeout
_consensus_leader_heartbeat_interval	6000	consensus leader's heartbeat interval
_consensus_leader_maximum_heartbeats		consensus leader's maximum heartbeats
_consensus_queue_maximum_elements	10	consensus queue maximum elements
_consensus_slaves_maximum_count	5	consensus slaves maximum count
_containers_multiple_ptn_key	TRUE	enable multiple partition keys for container views
_controlfile_auto_convert_behaviour	AUTO_CONVERT	controlfile auto convert behavior for a mixed platform dataguard.
_controlfile_autobackup_delay	300	time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile autobackups
_controlfile_backup_copy_check	TRUE	enable check of the copied blocks during controlfile backup copy
_controlfile_block_size	0	control file block size in bytes
_controlfile_cell_flash_caching	3	Flash cache hint for control file accesses
_controlfile_enqueue_dump	FALSE	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	120	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time_tracking_size	0	control file enqueue holding time tracking size
_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	900	control file enqueue timeout in seconds
_controlfile_section_init_size		control file initial section size
_controlfile_section_max_expand		control file max expansion rate
_controlfile_split_brain_check	FALSE	Check for a split-brain in distributed lock manager domain
_controlfile_update_check	OFF	controlfile update sanity check
_controlfile_verify_on_mount	FALSE	Verify control file blocks on header error during mount
_convert_set_to_join	FALSE	enables conversion of set operator to join
_coord_message_buffer	0	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size
_corrupted_rollback_segments		corrupted undo segment list
_cost_equality_semi_join	TRUE	enables costing of equality semi-join
_cp_del_free_sess	TRUE	connection pool: delete free sessions when at PDB limit
_cp_del_free_sess_limit_secs	1	connection pool: delete free sessions time limit (in seconds)
_cp_num_hash_latches		connection pool number of hash latches
_cpu_count_startup	0	Startup number of CPUs for this instance
_cpu_eff_thread_multiplier		CPU effective thread multiplier
_cpu_to_io	0	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
_cpu_util_adj_force	1	force cpu util adjustment
_cpu_util_adj_target	0	cpu utilization adjustment target
_cputime_limit_parallel_fptr	60	CPU-time limit for for parallel first-pass recovery
_cr_grant_global_role	TRUE	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role
_cr_grant_local_role	AUTO	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_cr_grant_only	FALSE	if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the block
_cr_multiblock_grant_only	FALSE	if TRUE, grant locks for multiblock read when possible and do not send the block
_cr_server_log_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
_cr_trc_buf_size	8192	size of cr trace buffer
_crash_domain_on_exception	0	allow domain to exit for exceptions in any thread
_create_idx_from_constraint	FALSE	allow trigger to create index from constraint
_create_pdb_disable_mirror_reads	FALSE	Disable mirror reads during create pdb
_create_pdb_flashback_barrier	FALSE	force flashback barrier for create pdb
_create_stat_segment	0	create ilm statistics segment
_create_table_in_any_cluster	FALSE	allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the user
_cross_con_collection	FALSE	enable cross container collection
_cross_con_remove_pushed_preds	FALSE	remove pushed predicates from query fetching across containers
_cross_con_row_count	FALSE	use actual row count for cross container views
_crs_2phase	bypass	crs 2phase
_cstats_enabled	FALSE	Core stat monitoring enabled
_ctas_numfrags_hint	0	Hint for number of partition fragments to be loaded in a CTAS
_ctex_fk_copy_mode	1	Create table for exchange Copy mode for referential constraints
_ctx_doc_policy_stems	FALSE	enable ctx_doc.policy_stems api
_cu_row_locking	0	CU row level locking
_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	400	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
_cursor_bind_capture_interval	900	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor
_cursor_cache_time	900	number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in cache.
_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	407	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
_cursor_diagnostic_node_agedout_count	100	Number of cursor-sharing diagnostic nodes to retain before reuse
_cursor_features_enabled	2	Shared cursor features enabled bits.
_cursor_obsolete_threshold	8192	Number of cursors per parent before obsoletion.
_cursor_plan_enabled	TRUE	enable collection and display of cursor plans
_cursor_plan_hash_version	1	version of cursor plan hash value
_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	TRUE	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates
_cursor_reload_failure_threshold	0	Number of failed reloads before marking cursor unusable
_cursor_runtimeheap_memlimit	5242880	Shared cursor runtime heap memory limit
_cursor_stats_enabled	TRUE	Enable cursor stats
_cvw_enable_weak_checking	TRUE	enable weak view checking
_cvw_examine_tables_in_from_list_subqry	TRUE	examine tables in from list subqueries
_data_transfer_cache_bc_perc_x100	500	Percentange * 100 of buffer cache to transfer to data transfer cache
_data_warehousing_scan_buffers	TRUE	if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan buffers
_data_warehousing_scan_flash_buffers	FALSE	if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan flash buffers
_data_warehousing_serial_scan	TRUE	if TRUE, enable data warehousing serial scans
_datafile_cow	FALSE	Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file
_datafile_create_min_wait_time	0	Minimum wait time for standby during data file creation
_datafile_create_wait_time	0	Wait time for standby during data file creation
_datafile_open_errors_crash_instance	TRUE	datafile open errors crash instance
_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance	TRUE	datafile write errors crash instance
_datapump_bypass_tstz_check	FALSE	Bypass Data Pump TSTZ version checking during import.
_datapump_compressbas_buffer_size	0	specifies buffer size for BASIC compression algorithm
_datapump_conv_pga_lim	0	pga limit for Data Pump conventional path bind array size
_datapump_gather_stats_on_load	FALSE	Gather table statistics during Data Pump load rather thanimporting statistics from the dump file. This should be set to TRUE in the lockdown profile in a DWCS environment.
_datapump_hide_cdb_warning	FALSE	Hide Data Pump warning for CDB$ROOT and PDB$SEED
_datapump_inherit_svcname	TRUE	Inherit and propagate service name throughout job
_datapump_metadata_buffer_size	131072	specifies buffer size for metadata file I/O
_datapump_tabledata_buffer_size	262144	specifies buffer size for table data file I/O
_db_16k_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of 16k buffer pool on extended cache
_db_16k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 16k block size
_db_16k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file
_db_2k_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of 2k buffer pool on extended memory
_db_2k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 2k block size
_db_2k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file
_db_32k_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of 32k buffer pool on extended memory
_db_32k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 32k block size
_db_32k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file
_db_4k_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of 4k buffer pool on extended cache
_db_4k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 4k block size
_db_4k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file
_db_8k_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of 8k buffer pool on extended cache
_db_8k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 8k block size
_db_8k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file
_db_aging_cool_count	1	Touch count set when buffer cooled
_db_aging_freeze_cr	FALSE	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
_db_aging_hot_criteria	2	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_aging_stay_count	0	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list
_db_aging_touch_time	3	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_always_check_system_ts	TRUE	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace
_db_block_adjcheck	TRUE	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter
_db_block_adjchk_level	0	adjacent cache buffer check level
_db_block_align_direct_read	TRUE	Align Direct Reads
_db_block_bad_write_check	FALSE	enable bad write checks
_db_block_buffers	131186	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter
_db_block_cache_history_lru	FALSE	buffer header tracing for lru operations
_db_block_cache_protect	false	protect database blocks (for debugging only)
_db_block_cache_protect_internal	0	protect database blocks (for internal use only)
_db_block_check_for_debug	FALSE	Check more and dump block before image for debugging
_db_block_check_objtyp	TRUE	check objd and typ on cache disk read
_db_block_chunkify_ncmbr	FALSE	chunkify noncontig multi block reads
_db_block_corruption_recovery_threshold	5	threshold number of block recovery attempts
_db_block_do_full_mbreads	FALSE	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
_db_block_hash_buckets	524288	Number of database block hash buckets
_db_block_hash_latches	4096	Number of database block hash latches
_db_block_header_guard_level	0	number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages
_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
_db_block_iterations_for_rm	2000	number of blocks to reduce every iteration for RM
_db_block_known_clean_pct	2	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
_db_block_lru_latches	36	number of lru latches
_db_block_max_cr_dba	6	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
_db_block_max_scan_pct	40	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
_db_block_numa	1	Number of NUMA nodes
_db_block_prefetch_fast_longjumps_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable fast longjumps
_db_block_prefetch_limit	0	Prefetch limit in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_override	0	Prefetch force override in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_private_cache_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable private cache
_db_block_prefetch_quota	10	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
_db_block_prefetch_skip_reading_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable skip reading buffers
_db_block_prefetch_wasted_threshold_perc	2	Allowed wasted percent threshold of prefetched size
_db_block_scandepth_for_rm	20	number of blocks to reduce every iteration for RM
_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	4194304	Size of shared table scan read buffer
_db_block_temp_redo	FALSE	generate redo for temp blocks
_db_block_trace_protect	FALSE	trace buffer protect calls
_db_block_vlm_check	FALSE	check for mapping leaks (debugging only)
_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	4	threshold for allowable mapping leaks
_db_blocks_per_hash_latch		Number of blocks per hash latch
_db_bt_cache_only_readmostly_obj_on_roi	FALSE	if TRUE, ABTC only caches read mostly objects on ROI
_db_cache_advice_hash_latch_multiple	16	cache advisory hash latch multiple
_db_cache_advice_max_size_factor	2	cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to similate
_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	4	cache advisory sampling factor
_db_cache_advice_sanity_check	FALSE	cache simulation sanity check
_db_cache_advice_size_submultiple	10	cache advisory size submultiple
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace	0	dump short call stack for block reads
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where1	0	dump short call stack for block reads just for where1
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where2	0	dump short call stack for block reads just for where2
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where3	0	dump short call stack for block reads just for where3
_db_cache_crx_check	FALSE	check for costly crx examination functions
_db_cache_max_sz	0
_db_cache_miss_check_les	FALSE	check LEs after cache miss
_db_cache_mman_latch_check	FALSE	check for wait latch get under MMAN ops in kcb
_db_cache_pmem_confidence_try	0	DB Cache PMEM buffer promote attempts for greater confidence
_db_cache_pmem_promotion_touch_rate_reset_interval	300	DB Cache PMEM promotion touch rate reset interval in sec
_db_cache_pmem_promotion_touch_rate_threshold_time	30	DB Cache PMEM promotion touch rate threshold time in sec
_db_cache_pmem_touch_rate_compare_per	95	DB Cache PMEM buffer touch rate additive percentage when comparingagainst dram touch rate
_db_cache_pmemp_len	10000	DB Cache PMEM promotion list max length
_db_cache_pre_warm	TRUE	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max	2147483647	maximum number of cr pins a process may have
_db_cache_silicon_secured_memory	TRUE	enable silicon secured memory
_db_cache_wait_debug	0	trace new kslwaits
_db_cache_xmem_promotion_algo_chosen	38	DB Cache Xmem/Pmem promotion algo
_db_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of extended memory data area for buffer cache DEFAULT pool
_db_change_notification_enable	TRUE	enable db change notification
_db_check_cell_hints	FALSE
_db_disable_temp_encryption	FALSE	Disable Temp Encryption for Spills
_db_discard_lost_masterkey	FALSE	discard lost masterkey handles
_db_dump_from_disk_and_efc	0	dump contents from disk and efc
_db_dw_scan_adaptive_cooling	FALSE	if TRUE, enable adaptive DW scan cooling
_db_dw_scan_max_shadow_count	5	DW Scan adaptive cooling max shadow count
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_factor	500	DW Scan object cooling factor to cool all temperatures
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_interval	100	DW Scan object cooling interval in number of scans, seconds, or pct of cache size
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_policy	CACHE_SIZE	DW scan objtect cooling policy
_db_dw_scan_obj_warming_increment	1000	DW Scan object warming increment when an object is scanned
_db_fast_obj_check	FALSE	enable fast object drop sanity check
_db_fast_obj_ckpt	TRUE	enable fast object checkpoint
_db_fast_obj_truncate	TRUE	enable fast object truncate
_db_file_direct_io_count	1048576	Sequential I/O buf size
_db_file_exec_read_count	128	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_file_format_io_buffers	4	Block formatting I/O buf count
_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	11	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
_db_file_optimizer_read_count	8	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_flash_cache_disable_write_batchsize	4096	Flash cache disable writes processing batchsize
_db_flash_cache_encryption	FALSE	Set _db_flash_cache_encryption to enable flash cache encryption
_db_flash_cache_force_replenish_limit	8	Flash cache force replenish lower limit in buffers
_db_flash_cache_keep_limit	80	Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flash_cache_max_latency	400	Flash cache maximum latency allowed in 10 milliseconds
_db_flash_cache_max_outstanding_writes	32	Flash cache maximum outstanding writes allowed
_db_flash_cache_max_read_retry	10	Flash cache max read retry
_db_flash_cache_max_slow_io	3	Flash cache maximum slow io allowed
_db_flash_cache_slow_io_adjustment_interval	3600	Decrement interval
_db_flash_cache_write_limit	1	Flash cache write buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flashback_iobuf_size	1	Flashback IO Buffer Size
_db_flashback_log_min_size	16777216	Minimum flashback database log size in bytes
_db_flashback_log_min_total_space	0	Minimum flashback database log total space in bytes
_db_flashback_num_iobuf	64	Flashback Number of IO buffers
_db_full_caching	TRUE	enable full db implicit caching
_db_full_db_cache_diff_pct	5	Cache at least this % larger than DB size for full db caching
_db_generate_dummy_masterkey	FALSE	if TRUE, use old havior and generate dummy master key
_db_handles	3200	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
_db_handles_cached	10	Buffer handles cached each process
_db_hot_block_tracking	FALSE	track hot blocks for hash latch contention
_db_imoltp_hashidx_force_nonctg	0	kcbw imoltp hash index force non contig granules
_db_index_block_checking	TRUE	index block checking override parameter
_db_initial_cachesize_create_mb	256	size of cache created at startup
_db_keep_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers on extended memory
_db_l2_tracing	0	flash cache debug tracing
_db_large_dirty_queue	25	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
_db_link_sources_tracking	TRUE	enable/disable database link source tracking
_db_lost_write_checking	2	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
_db_lost_write_corrupt_block	FALSE	allow corruption for lost write
_db_lost_write_tracing	FALSE	Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing
_db_minimum_auxsize_percent	0	min percent of aux buffers to be maintained before using aux2
_db_mttr_advice	ON	MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_partitions	0	number of partitions for MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_sample_factor	64	MTTR simulation sampling factor
_db_mttr_sim_target		MTTR simulation targets
_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	256	MTTR simulation trace size
_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	FALSE	dump trace entries to alert file
_db_noarch_disble_optim	FALSE	Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)
_db_num_evict_waitevents	16384	number of evict wait events
_db_num_gsm	0	database number in gsm dbpool
_db_nvm_promotion_deferred_tchcnt	195	touch count threshold which allows deferred background based nvm buffer promotion
_db_obj_enable_ksr	TRUE	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
_db_percent_hot_default	50	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_keep	0	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_recycle	0	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
_db_percpu_create_cachesize	2	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
_db_pmem_auto_resize_interval	10	PMEM auto resize interval in minutes
_db_pmem_direct_map_size	0	Size of direct mappable PMEM buffer cache
_db_prefetch_histogram_statistics	FALSE	maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs
_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest		default database recovery temporal file location
_db_recycle_cache_xmem_size	0	Size of Recycle buffer pool for standard block size buffers on extended memory
_db_replay_security_config		Database Replay Security Configuration
_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	10	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use
_db_row_overlap_checking	TRUE	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks
_db_shadow_lost_write_protect	NOT_SET	alter shadow lost write detection for PDB
_db_todefer_cache_create	TRUE	buffer cache deferred create
_db_writer_chunk_writes	0	Number of writes DBWR should wait for
_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	4194304	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes
_db_writer_coalesce_encrypted_buffers	TRUE	Coalecsing for encrypted buffers
_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	131072	Limit on size of coalesced write
_db_writer_flush_imu	TRUE	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
_db_writer_histogram_statistics	FALSE	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
_db_writer_max_writes	0	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
_db_writer_nomemcopy_coalesce	FALSE	Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing
_db_writer_verify_writes	FALSE	Enable lost write detection mechanism
_db_xmem_cache_encryption	TRUE	Set _db_xmem_cache_encryption to enable XMEM cache encryption
_db_xmem_hot_switch_criteria	195	Xmem/Pmem buffer touch count which makes this buffer candidate of switching to DRAM buffer
_dbcomp_maxdump	100	Maximum # of dumped blocks per datafile
_dbcomp_msg_ver	1	database block compare message version
_dbfs_modify_implicit_fetch	TRUE	DBFS Link allows implicit fetch on modify - only on SecureFiles
_dbfs_symlink_path_prefix	TRUE	disallow symbolic link creation in dbfs outside path_prefix
_dbg_proc_startup	FALSE	debug process startup
_dbg_scan	0	generic scan debug
_dbms_sql_security_level	1	Security level in DBMS_SQL
_dbmsumf$$1x		UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$2x		UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$3x		UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$nn		UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$p		UMF Configuration
_dbnest_enable	NONE	dbNest enable
_dbnest_pdb_fs_conf		PDB Filesystem configuration
_dbnest_pdb_fs_type	DEFAULT	PDB FS Type
_dbnest_pdb_scm_conf		PDB SCM configuration
_dbnest_pdb_scm_level	STRICT1	PDB SCM Level
_dbnest_resource_opts	0	dbNest - resource options
_dbnest_skip_fed_root	TRUE	Fed root is skipped so CDB nest is root of all pdbs
_dbnest_stage_dir		Staging directory configuration
_dbop_enabled	1	Any positive number enables automatic DBOP monitoring. 0 is disabled
_dbopen_breakpoint	none	ALTER DATABASE OPEN codepath breakpoint
_dbpool_name		gsm database pool name
_dbreplay_feature_control		Database Replay Feature Control
_dbreplay_mpk_key		Database Replay Package Key
_dbrm_dynamic_threshold	17302504	DBRM dynamic threshold setting
_dbrm_num_runnable_list	0	Resource Manager number of runnable list per NUMA node
_dbrm_quantum		DBRM quantum
_dbrm_runchk	32798000	DBRM kskrunstatechk thresholds
_dbrm_short_wait_us	300	Resource Manager short wait length
_dbwr_async_io	TRUE	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
_dbwr_flashlock_shrink_limit	0	limit to shrink le to flash lock per dbwr iteration
_dbwr_nowrite_assert_interval	7200	dbwriter assert interval after no write seconds
_dbwr_nwp_assert_interval	1800	dbwriter no write permission assert interval after no write seconds
_dbwr_scan_interval	300	dbwriter scan interval
_dbwr_stall_write_detection_interval	900	dbwriter stall write detection interval
_dbwr_tracing	0	Enable dbwriter tracing
_dd_validate_remote_locks	TRUE	GES deadlock detection validate remote locks
_dde_flood_control_init	TRUE	Initialize Flood Control at database open
_ddlapply_enable	FALSE	DDL VIA APPLY Enable
_dead_process_scan_interval	60	PMON dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_deadlock_diagnostic_level	2	automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level
_deadlock_record_to_alert_log	TRUE	record resolved deadlocks to the alert log
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_always	FALSE	create incidents when resolving any deadlock?
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_enabled	TRUE	create incidents during deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_level	1	automatic deadlock resolution level
_deadlock_resolution_min_wait_timeout_secs	60	the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_signal_process_thresh_secs	60	the amount of time given to process a deadlock resolution signal
_dedicated_server_poll_count	10	dedicated server poll count
_dedicated_server_post_wait	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait
_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait call
_default_encrypt_alg	0	default encryption algorithm
_default_ini_trans_index	0	Default value of INI_TRANS enforced by DWCS lockdown for indexes
_default_ini_trans_table	0	Default value of INI_TRANS enforced by DWCS lockdown for tables
_default_non_equality_sel_check	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_default_oracle_fs_type	ofs	default file system type for an oracle file system
_default_pct_free	0	Default value of PCT_FREE enforced by DWCS lockdown
_default_service	TRUE	Run default service
_defer_eor_orl_arch_for_so	TRUE	defer EOR ORL archival for switchover
_defer_log_boundary_ckpt	TRUE	defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary
_defer_log_count	100	Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags behind
_defer_rcv_during_sw_to_sby	FALSE	Defer recovery during switchover to standby
_defer_rcv_pdb_attach	TRUE	Defer PDB domain attach in instance recovery
_defer_rewrap_controlfile_key_history	FALSE	if TRUE, defer rewrap control file TS keys under next PDB open
_defer_sga_alloc_chunk_size	1073741824	Chunk size for defer sga allocation
_defer_sga_enabled	FALSE	Enable deferred shared memory allocation for SGA
_defer_sga_min_spsz_at_startup	53687091200	Minimum shared pool size at startup with deferred sga enabled
_defer_sga_min_total_defer_segs_sz	107374182400	Minimum total deferred segs size for defer sga allocation
_defer_sga_test_alloc_intv	0	SA** sleeps for N secs before allocating a deferred segment
_defer_while_patching	0	Session should be deferred if patching is secheduled
_deferred_constant_folding_mode	DEFAULT	Deferred constant folding mode
_deferred_log_dest_is_valid	TRUE	consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion (TRUE/FALSE)
_deferred_seg_in_seed	TRUE	Enable Deferred Segment Creation in Seed
_delay_index_maintain	TRUE	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
_delete_ghost_data	FALSE	Test delete ghost data
_deq_execute_reset_time	30	deq execute reset time
_deq_ht_child_latches	8	deq ht child latches
_deq_ht_max_elements	100000	deq ht max elements
_deq_large_txn_size	25000	deq large txn size
_deq_log_array_size	10000	deq log array size
_deq_max_fetch_count	10	deq max fetch count
_deq_maxwait_time	0	Change wait times between dequeue calls
_desired_readmem_rate	90	The desired percentage of redo reading from memory
_df_hist_offl_override	FALSE	Allow update of keep offline bit in datafile history record
_dg_broker_trace_level		data guard broker trace level
_dg_cf_check_timer	15	Data Guard controlfile check timer
_dg_corrupt_redo_log	0	Corrupt redo log validation during archivals
_dgb_dgpdb_appst		DGPDBs with apply state off
_dgpdb_file_name_convert		datafile name convert patterns and strings for per PDB standby
_dgpdb_standby_controlfile_name	dgpdb_temp_copy_cf_%u_stby_%u_%u.cf	a name template with three %u's for DGPDB standby controlfile
_diag_adl_dyn_alloc	TRUE	Enable Diag Alert Dynamic Allocation
_diag_adr_auto_purge	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging
_diag_adr_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR
_diag_adr_test_param	0	Test parameter for Diagnosability
_diag_adr_trace_dest	/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl21c/orcl21c/trace	diagnosability trace directory path
_diag_alert_root_annotate	FALSE	Enable annotation for alert log entries from root
_diag_arb_before_kill	FALSE	dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs
_diag_attn_log_format_error		Attention Log Error Entry format
_diag_attn_log_format_standard		Attention Log Standard Entry format
_diag_backward_compat	TRUE	Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability
_diag_cc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context
_diag_cdb_logging	short	Format for CDB Annotation
_diag_conf_cap_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture
_diag_crashdump_level	10	parameter for systemstate dump level, used by DIAG during crash
_diag_daemon	TRUE	start DIAG daemon
_diag_dde_async_age_limit	300	diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_cputime_limit	300	diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_mode	1	diag dde async actions: dispatch mode
_diag_dde_async_msg_capacity	1024	diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity
_diag_dde_async_msgs	50	diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message buffers
_diag_dde_async_process_rate	5	diag dde async actions: message processing rate - per loop
_diag_dde_async_runtime_limit	900	diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_slaves	5	diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave processes
_diag_dde_enabled	TRUE	enable DDE handling of critical errors
_diag_dde_fc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control
_diag_dde_fc_implicit_time	0	Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_fc_macro_time	0	Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_inc_proc_delay	1	The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps (minutes)
_diag_diagnostics	TRUE	Turn off diag diagnostics
_diag_dump_request_debug_level	1	DIAG dump request debug level (0-2)
_diag_dump_timeout	30	timeout parameter for SYNC dump
_diag_enable_startup_events	FALSE	enable events in instance startup notifiers
_diag_hm_rc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks
_diag_hm_tc_enabled	FALSE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks
_diag_large_packets	TRUE	DIA* large packets support
_diag_patch_cap_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Patch Configuration Capture
_diag_pdb_control	0	DIAG PDB Space Management Control Parameter
_diag_pdb_purge_target	90	Controls target percentage for ADR PDB Auto Purge Operation
_diag_pdb_purge_threshold	97	Controls threshold for ADR PDB Auto Purge Operation
_diag_proc_enabled	TRUE	enable hung process diagnostic API
_diag_proc_max_time_ms	30000	hung process diagnostic API max wait time in milliseconds
_diag_proc_stack_capture_type	1	hung process diagnostic API stack capture type
_diag_test_seg_reinc_mode	FALSE	Sets trace segmentation to be in reincarnation mode
_diag_uts_control	0	UTS control parameter
_diag_verbose_error_on_init	0	Allow verbose error tracing on diag init
_diag_xm_enabled	FALSE	If TRUE, DIAG allows message exchanges across DB/ASM boundary
_dimension_skip_null	TRUE	control dimension skip when null feature
_direct_io_skip_cur_slot_on_error	TRUE	Skip current slot on error
_direct_io_slots	0	number of slots for direct path I/O
_direct_io_via_mapped_pmem	TRUE	if TRUE, direct path I/O will attempt to memory map files on PMEM
_direct_io_wslots	0	number of write slots for direct path I/O
_direct_path_insert_features	0	disable direct path insert features
_direct_read_decision_statistics_driven	TRUE	enable direct read decision based on optimizer statistics
_dirty_appliance_mode	FALSE	Enable appliance mode even on non-appliance
_disable_12751	FALSE	disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)
_disable_12cbigfile	FALSE	DIsable Storing ILM Statistics in 12cBigFiles
_disable_active_influx_move	FALSE	disable active influx move during parallel media recovery
_disable_actualization_for_grant	FALSE	disable actualization of editioned objects on grant
_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	FALSE	adaptive shrunk aggregation
_disable_adp_adj_buf_check	FALSE	No adjacent buffer check for ADP
_disable_appliance_check	FALSE	Disable appliance-specific code
_disable_appliance_partnering	FALSE	Disable appliance partnering algorithms
_disable_asm_audit_feat	0	disable ASM audit features
_disable_autotune_gtx	FALSE	disable autotune global transaction background processes
_disable_block_checking	FALSE	disable block checking at the session level
_disable_block_corruption_track	FALSE	disable block corruption tracking
_disable_cdb_view_rc_invalidation	FALSE	disable Result Cache invalidation for CDB View results
_disable_cell_optimized_backups	FALSE	disable cell optimized backups
_disable_con_recurse_queuing	TRUE	disable parallel statement queuing for containers() recursive SQL
_disable_cpu_check	FALSE	disable cpu_count check
_disable_cursor_sharing	FALSE	disable cursor sharing
_disable_data_block_check_after_decrypt	FALSE	if TRUE, disable data block check after decryption
_disable_datalayer_sampling	FALSE	disable datalayer sampling
_disable_dblink_optim	TRUE	disable intra CDB dblink optimizations
_disable_def_seg_update	0	Disable deferred seg$ update
_disable_destructive_patch_operation	TRUE	Is destructive operation allowed in a patch
_disable_dict_check_pdb_open	FALSE	disable PDB pseudo open for dictionary check purpose
_disable_directory_link_check	FALSE	Disable directory link checking
_disable_duplex_link	TRUE	Turn off connection duplexing
_disable_duplicate_service_warning	FALSE	disable listener warning for duplicate service
_disable_fast_aggregation	FALSE	fast aggregation
_disable_fast_validate	FALSE	disable PL/SQL fast validation
_disable_fastopen	FALSE	Do Not Use Fastopen
_disable_fba_qrw	0	disable flashback archiver query rewrite
_disable_fba_wpr	0	disable flashback archiver wait for prepared transactions
_disable_file_locks	FALSE	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
_disable_file_resize_logging	FALSE	disable file resize logging to alert log
_disable_flashback_archiver	0	disable flashback archiver
_disable_flashback_recyclebin_opt	TRUE	Don't use the Flashback Recyclebin optimization
_disable_flashback_wait_callback	FALSE	Disable flashback wait callback
_disable_foreign_scn_adjust	FALSE	Disable foreign SCN adjustment
_disable_function_based_index	FALSE	disable function-based index matching
_disable_gvaq_cache	FALSE	Disable cache
_disable_hcc_array_insert	FALSE	TRUE - enable conventional inserts into HCC CUs
_disable_health_check	FALSE	Disable Health Check
_disable_highres_ticks	FALSE	disable high-res tick counter
_disable_ilm_internal	FALSE	Force disable internal ilm stats and drop ilm segment
_disable_image_check	FALSE	Disable Oracle executable image checking
_disable_implicit_row_movement	FALSE	disable implicit row movement
_disable_incremental_checkpoints	FALSE	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	FALSE	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
_disable_index_block_prefetching	FALSE	disable index block prefetching
_disable_inheritpriv_grant_public	FALSE	Disable inherit privilege grant to PUBLIC for newly created users
_disable_initial_block_compression	FALSE	disable initial block compression
_disable_instance_params_check	FALSE	disable instance type check for ksp
_disable_interface_checking	FALSE	disable interface checking at startup
_disable_kcb_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	Disable KCB flashback block new optimization
_disable_kcbhxor_osd	FALSE	disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
_disable_kcbl_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization
_disable_kgghshcrc32_osd	FALSE	disable kgghshcrc32chk OSD functionality
_disable_last_successful_login_time	FALSE	Disable writing Last Successful Login Time to USER$
_disable_logging	FALSE	Disable logging
_disable_lostwrite_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	disable tablespace alerts for LOSTWRITE tablespaces
_disable_mandatory_profile_onclone	FALSE	Disable Mandatory Profile check on clone of a PDB
_disable_marking_noops	FALSE	Don't mark any captured statements as no-ops.
_disable_metrics_group	0	Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)
_disable_modsvc_refresh		disable modify service cache refresh
_disable_multiple_block_sizes	FALSE	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
_disable_odm	FALSE	disable odm feature
_disable_oradebug_commands	restricted	disable execution of certain categories of oradebug commands
_disable_orphan_pdb_recovery	FALSE	Disable PDB PITR/FB to orphan PDB incarnation
_disable_os_time_page	FALSE	disable OS time page
_disable_parallel_conventional_load	FALSE	Disable parallel conventional loads
_disable_pdb_space_check	FALSE	Disable pdb storage usage check in the session
_disable_primary_bitmap_switch	FALSE	disable primary bitmap switch
_disable_ptl_replay	FALSE	Is PTL replay disabled during Application Sync
_disable_read_only_open_dict_check	FALSE	Disable read-only open dictionary check
_disable_rebalance_space_check	FALSE	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_recovery_read_skip	FALSE	Disable the read optimization during media recovery
_disable_rolling_patch	0	Disable Rolling Patch Feature
_disable_sample_io_optim	FALSE	disable row sampling IO optimization
_disable_savepoint_reset	FALSE	disable the fix for bug 1402161
_disable_selftune_checkpointing	FALSE	Disable self-tune checkpointing
_disable_sensitive_internal	FALSE	disable internal SQL from showing sensitive information
_disable_sga_filedel	FALSE	disable deletion of files used for SGA
_disable_storage_type	FALSE	Disable storage type checks
_disable_streams_diagnostics	0	streams diagnostics
_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	FALSE	disable streams pool auto tuning
_disable_sun_rsm	TRUE	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
_disable_system_state	4294967294	disable system state dump
_disable_system_state_wait_samples	FALSE	Disable system state dump - wait samples
_disable_system_tablespaces_enc_enforcement	FALSE	if TRUE, disable system tablespaces encryption enforcement
_disable_temp_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces
_disable_thread_internal_disable	FALSE	Disable thread internal disable feature
_disable_txn_alert	0	disable txn layer alert
_disable_undo_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces
_disable_wait_state		Disable wait state
_discard_cmn_ddl_in_pdb_err	FALSE	Discard error when Common DDL is attempted in PDB
_discrete_transactions_enabled	FALSE	enable OLTP mode
_disk_sector_size_override	FALSE	if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden
_diskmon_pipe_name		DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
_disksize_binary_search	FALSE	if set, perform binary search to get disk size if IOCTL fails
_dispatcher_listen_on_vip	FALSE	Determines if dispatcher listens on VIP if no HOST is supplied
_dispatcher_rate_scale		scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_dispatcher_rate_ttl		time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_distinct_agg_optimization_gsets	CHOOSE	Use Distinct Aggregate Optimization for Grouping Sets
_distinct_view_unnesting	FALSE	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	200	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
_disttxn_for_queries	TRUE	remote queries start distributed transaction
_dlm_cache_warmup_slaves	2	Number of DLM cache warm up slaves
_dlm_stats_collect	1	DLM statistics collection(0 = disable, 1 = enable (default))
_dlm_stats_collect_du_limit	3000	DLM statistics collection disk updates per slot
_dlm_stats_collect_mode	6	DLM statistics collection mode
_dlm_stats_collect_slot_interval	60	DLM statistics collection slot interval (in seconds)
_dlmtrace		Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
_dm_dmf_details_compatibility	12.1.0	set dm dmf details compatibility version
_dm_enable_legacy_dmf_output_types	FALSE	revert dmf output types to pre-12.1.0.1
_dm_inmemory_threshold	1000000	In-memory cardinality threshold
_dm_max_chunk_size	2000	Data Mining Max Chunk Size
_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	5	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model
_dml_batch_error_limit	0	number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode
_dml_frequency_tracking	FALSE	Control DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_advance	TRUE	Control automatic advance and broadcast of DML frequencies
_dml_frequency_tracking_slot_time	15	Time length of each slot for DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_slots	4	Number of slots to use for DML frequency tracking
_dml_monitoring_enabled	TRUE	enable modification monitoring
_dmm_auto_max_features	500	Auto Max Features
_dmm_blas_library		Control which BLAS/LAPACK dynamic library to load
_dmm_cnt_arr_size_threshold	500000	Counts Array Size Threshold
_dmm_details_filter_weight	1	Filter details based on weight
_dmm_force_treetop_merge	0	Force Treetop Merge
_dmm_inc_cholesky_rows	50000	Incomplete Cholesky number of rows
_dmm_ipp_cutoff	0	Intra-Partition Parallel size cutoff
_dmm_kmean_dense_threshold	500	Kmean densify threshold
_dmm_max_memory_size	1000000	Maximum Memory Size
_dmm_memory_size	64000000	Memory Size
_dmm_nobin_threshold	200	No Binning Row Count Threshold
_dmm_pga_load_threshold	3	Model size less than threshold are loaded into PGA
_dmm_reduction_rate	4	Reduction rate in reduction tree
_dmm_sample_lower_threshold	10000	Minimum Sample Size
_dmm_sample_upper_threshold	500000	Maximum Sample Size
_dmm_ser_test	0	Stress testing for serialized models
_dmm_ts_lapack	1	Enable usage of BLAS/LAPACK for Tall Skinny SVD
_dmm_xgboost_max_memory	1000000000	xgboost maximum memory
_dmsqr_qr_chunk_rows	10000	QR maximum chunk rows
_dnfs_rdma_enable	rman	Enable dNFS RDMA transfers
_dnfs_rdma_max	1048576	Maximum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
_dnfs_rdma_min	8192	Minimum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
_domain_index_batch_size	2000	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine
_domain_index_dml_batch_size	200	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines
_dp_force_length_semantics	NONE	Force nls length semantics
_dra_bmr_number_threshold	1000	Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file
_dra_bmr_percent_threshold	10	Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be BMR-ed
_dra_enable_offline_dictionary	FALSE	Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary for DRA
_drm_parallel_freeze	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel drm freeze
_drop_flashback_logical_operations_enq	FALSE	Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during flashback marker generation
_drop_stat_segment	0	drop ilm statistics segment
_drop_table_granule	256	drop_table_granule
_drop_table_optimization_enabled	TRUE	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table
_drop_tablespace_objects	0	GDR: drop all tablespace objects
_ds_enable_auto_txn	FALSE	Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_ds_enable_view_sampling	TRUE	Use sampling for views in Dynamic Sampling
_ds_iocount_iosize	6553664	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
_ds_parse_model	2	Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter
_ds_progressive_initial_samples	2	Number of initial samples used for progressive sampling
_ds_progressive_no_matches_min_sample_size	50	Minimum sample size at which progressive sampling report no match
_ds_sampling_method	PROGRESSIVE	Dynamic sampling method used
_ds_xt_split_count	1	Dynamic Sampling Service: split count for external tables
_dsc_feature_level	0	controls the feature level for deferred segment creation
_dskm_health_check_cnt	20	DiSKMon health check counter
_dskm_single_instance	FALSE	DSKM and Diskmon operating in Single Instance mode
_dss_cache_flush	FALSE	enable full cache flush for parallel execution
_dss_cache_flush_threshold	1	threshold when thread ckpt considered over obj ckpt
_dtree_area_size	131072	size of Decision Tree Classification work area
_dtree_binning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Binning Enabled
_dtree_max_surrogates	1	maximum number of surrogates
_dtree_pruning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
_dummy_instance	FALSE	dummy instance started by RMAN
_dump_10261_level	0	Dump level for event 10261, 1=>minimal dump 2=>top pga dump
_dump_common_subexpressions	FALSE	dump common subexpressions
_dump_connect_by_loop_data	FALSE	dump connect by loop error message into trc file
_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	FALSE	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
_dump_interval_limit	120	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
_dump_max_limit	5	max number of dump within dump interval
_dump_qbc_tree	0	dump top level query parse tree to trace
_dump_rcvr_ipc	TRUE	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
_dump_scn_increment_stack		Dumps scn increment stack per session
_dump_system_state_scope	local	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
_dump_trace_scope	global	scope of trace dump during a process crash
_duplicated_table_complete_refresh_percent	50	percent threshold for duplicated table to do complete refresh
_dupt_noupdate	0	disable duplicated table updates
_dynamic_hash_bucket_array	TRUE	dynamic hash bucket array
_dynamic_processes_force_timeout	6	dynamic process force timeout
_dynamic_processes_max_oom_timeout	300	dynamic process max timeout for out of memory
_dynamic_processes_wait_timeout	100	dynamic process wait timeout for new process
_dynamic_rls_policies	TRUE	rls policies are dynamic
_dynamic_sequence_cache	TRUE	Enable/disable sequence dynamic cache sizing
_dynamic_sequence_cache_max	1000000	Sequence dynamic cache maximum size
_dynamic_sequence_cache_scale	10	Max scale factor for dynamic sequence cache size
_dynamic_sessions_force_timeout	30	dynamic session force timeout
_dynamic_sessions_inc_count	1000	dynamic session increment count
_dynamic_sessions_max_oom_timeout	300	dynamic session max timeout for out of memory
_dynamic_sessions_min_force_timeout	5	dynamic min session force timeout
_dynamic_sessions_wait_timeout	100	dynamic session wait timeout for new session
_dynamic_share_range_factor	2	dynamic share range factor
_dynamic_stats_threshold	30	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages
_early_flush_delta	0	SCN delta to trigger early log flush
_edition_enable_oracle_users		Edition enable Oracle supplied users
_eighteenth_spare_parameter		eighteenth spare parameter - integer
_eighteenth_spare_pdb_parameter		eighteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_eighth_spare_pdb_parameter		eighth spare pdb parameter - integer
_eightieth_spare_parameter		eightieth spare parameter - integer
_eighty-eighth_spare_parameter		eighty-eighth spare parameter - string
_eighty-fifth_spare_parameter		eighty-fifth spare parameter - string
_eighty-ninth_spare_parameter		eighty-ninth spare parameter - string
_eighty-seventh_spare_parameter		eighty-seventh spare parameter - string
_eighty-sixth_spare_parameter		eighty-sixth spare parameter - string
_eighty-third_spare_parameter		eighty-third spare parameter - string
_eleventh_spare_parameter		eleventh spare parameter - integer
_eleventh_spare_pdb_parameter		eleventh spare pdb parameter - integer
_eliminate_common_subexpr	TRUE	enables elimination of common sub-expressions
_emon_max_active_connections	256	maximum open connections to clients per emon
_emon_outbound_connect_timeout	7200000	timeout for completing connection set up to clients
_emon_pool_inc	4	increment in EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_pool_max	16	maximum number of EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_pool_min	4	minimum number of EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_regular_ntfn_slaves	4	number of EMON slaves doing regular database notifications
_emon_send_timeout	7200000	send timeout after which the client is unregistered
_emx_control	0	EM Express control (internal use only)
_emx_max_sessions	128	Maximum number of sessions in the EM Express cache
_emx_session_timeout	3600	Session timeout (sec) in the EM Express cache
_ena_storage_lmt	DEFAULT	Enable storage clause for LMT
_enable_12g_bft	TRUE	enable 12g bigfile tablespace
_enable_Front_End_View_Optimization	1	enable front end view optimization
_enable_NUMA_interleave	TRUE	Enable NUMA interleave mode
_enable_NUMA_optimization	FALSE	Enable NUMA specific optimizations
_enable_NUMA_support	FALSE	Enable NUMA support and optimizations
_enable_asyncvio	FALSE	enable asynch vectored I/O
_enable_automatic_maintenance	1	if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled
_enable_automatic_sqltune	TRUE	Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter
_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	TRUE	enable block level recovery
_enable_buffer_header_history	TRUE	if TRUE, records operation history in buffer headers
_enable_bug_29838374	0	enable/disable bug fix 29838374
_enable_cdb_all_sync	FALSE	Is CDB-wide ALL sync enabled
_enable_cdb_upgrade_capture	FALSE	Enable capture of CDB upgrade
_enable_check_truncate	TRUE	enable checking of corruption caused by canceled truncate
_enable_columnar_cache	1	Enable Columnar Flash Cache Rewrite
_enable_containers_subquery	TRUE	enable transformation to containers() sub query
_enable_cscn_caching	FALSE	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
_enable_dbwr_auto_tracing	0	enable dbwriter auto-tracing
_enable_dbwr_parallel_invalidations	TRUE	if TRUE, enables flush and invalidate by DBWRs
_enable_ddl_wait_lock	TRUE	use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics
_enable_default_affinity	0	enable default implementation of hard affinity osds
_enable_default_temp_threshold	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for UNDO Tablespaces
_enable_default_undo_threshold	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for TEMPORARY Tablespaces
_enable_dml_lock_escalation	TRUE	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE
_enable_drop_clone	FALSE	Is drop of a Root Clone allowed
_enable_dynamic_processes	FALSE	dynamic process SOs
_enable_dynamic_sessions	FALSE	dynamic session SOs
_enable_editions_for_users	FALSE	enable editions for all users
_enable_event_ports	TRUE	Enable/Disable event ports
_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	TRUE	use check constraints on the table for validation
_enable_fast_file_zero	TRUE	enable fast file zero code path
_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	FALSE	enable fast refresh after move tablespace
_enable_ffw	TRUE	FAL FORWARDING
_enable_flash_logging	TRUE	Enable Exadata Smart Flash Logging
_enable_fsdirect_odmlib	TRUE	enable or disable FsDirect static ODM library
_enable_fsdirect_pin	TRUE	enable direct pin of FsDirect blocks
_enable_fsdirect_rac	FALSE	enable FsDirect in RAC
_enable_gsm_listener_networks	TRUE	gsm listener in listener networks
_enable_guid_endpoint_service	TRUE	Enable service functionality for GUID service
_enable_hash_overflow	FALSE	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
_enable_heatmap_internal	FALSE	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only
_enable_http_digest_generation	TRUE	generation of the HTTP Digest verifier is enabled
_enable_hwm_sync	TRUE	enable HWM synchronization
_enable_iee_stats	TRUE	enables IEE stats gathering
_enable_ignorable_error_capture	FALSE	Capture statement if error is ignorable
_enable_ilm_flush_stats	TRUE	Enable ILM Stats Flush
_enable_ilm_testflush_stats	FALSE	Enable Test ILM Stats Flush
_enable_increase_lms_process	TRUE	set to true to allow _increase_lms_process changes
_enable_ios_spm	FALSE	Allow Split Mirror operations via IOServer
_enable_kernel_io_outliers	FALSE	enable kernel I/O outlier feature
_enable_kqf_purge	TRUE	Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge
_enable_list_io	FALSE	Enable List I/O
_enable_load_from_clone	TRUE	Is load from a Root Clone allowed
_enable_log_memory_protection_key	FALSE	enable memory protection keys (log)
_enable_memory_protection_keys	FALSE	Enable memory protection keys usage
_enable_metrics_allpdb	TRUE	Enable/Disable Metrics for Root and all PDBs if applicable
_enable_metrics_pdb	FALSE	Enable/Disable Metrics for this Non-Root PDB
_enable_midtier_affinity	TRUE	enable midtier affinity metrics processing
_enable_minscn_cr	TRUE	enable/disable minscn optimization for CR
_enable_mle	TRUE	enable MLE
_enable_module_match	TRUE	Is match of module name enforced
_enable_multiple_fgprepares	FALSE	Allow concurrent PREPAREs on the same database
_enable_nativenet_tcpip	FALSE	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
_enable_nvm_dispatcher	0	Enable NVM Dispatcher and/or DMPROC
_enable_obj_queues	TRUE	enable object queues
_enable_offloaded_writes	FALSE	Enable offloaded writes for Unit Test
_enable_online_index_without_s_locking	TRUE	Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML lock
_enable_os_cpu_rm	FALSE	enable internal OSCPURM testing
_enable_parallel_dml	FALSE	enables or disables parallel dml
_enable_partial_sync	FALSE	Is partial sync of a Federation allowed
_enable_pdb_close_abort	TRUE	Enable PDB shutdown abort (close abort)
_enable_pdb_close_noarchivelog	FALSE	Enable PDB close abort with no archive logging
_enable_pdb_isolation	FALSE	Enables Pluggable Database isolation inside a CDB
_enable_pdb_process_limit	TRUE	Enable process limit as the number of sessions in the PDB.
_enable_pdb_skiplist_recovery	TRUE	Enable pdb skip list setup during media recovery.
_enable_pdb_skiplist_redogen	TRUE	Enable pdb skip list setup during redo generation.
_enable_per_container_acl	FALSE	Enable Per Container ACL
_enable_perpdb_suplog	FALSE	per pdb supplemental logging
_enable_plcmnt_pol_usage	FALSE	enable placement policy usage
_enable_pluggable_database	TRUE	Enable Pluggable Database
_enable_pmem_direct_cache	TRUE	if TRUE, enable PMEM direct mapped buffers
_enable_pmem_exchange	TRUE	if TRUE, enable PMEM exchange during promotion
_enable_pmem_prefetch	FALSE	if TRUE, enable prefecting from PMEM
_enable_pmo_outside_begin_end	TRUE	Enable PMO outside begin-end block
_enable_proxy_distr_txn	TRUE	Enable Distributed Transaction in Proxy PDB
_enable_ptime_update_for_sys	FALSE	Enable/Disable update of user$ for sys
_enable_query_rewrite_on_remote_objs	TRUE	mv rewrite on remote table/view
_enable_redo_global_post	FALSE	LGWR post globally on write
_enable_refresh_schedule	TRUE	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)
_enable_rejection_cache	TRUE	Enable ASSM rejection cache
_enable_reliable_latch_waits	TRUE	Enable reliable latch waits
_enable_rename_user	FALSE	enable RENAME-clause using ALTER USER statement
_enable_replay_upgrade_diag	TRUE	Enable diagnostics for Replay Upgrade
_enable_rlb	TRUE	enable RLB metrics processing
_enable_row_shipping	TRUE	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects
_enable_schema_synonyms	FALSE	enable DDL operations (e.g. creation) involving schema synonyms
_enable_scn_wait_interface	TRUE	use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta
_enable_secure_sub_role	FALSE	Disallow enabling of secure sub roles
_enable_securefile_flashback_opt	FALSE	Enable securefile flashback optimization
_enable_sensitive_trace	FALSE	enable traces to contain sensitive information
_enable_separable_transactions	FALSE	enable/disable separable transactions
_enable_shared_pool_durations	TRUE	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
_enable_shared_server_sizing	TRUE	Enable sizing manager for shared servers
_enable_shared_server_sizing_slope	FALSE	Enable utility slope in sizing manager for shared servers
_enable_shared_server_vector_io	FALSE	Enable shared server vector I/O
_enable_single_dgprepare	FALSE	Disable concurrent PREPAREs in same disk group
_enable_space_preallocation	3	enable space pre-allocation
_enable_spacebg	TRUE	enable space management background task
_enable_sysaux_gdr	FALSE	GDR: Enable on SYSAUX
_enable_system_app	2	Enable System app for CDB-wide common users
_enable_tablespace_alerts	TRUE	enable tablespace alerts
_enable_tcpinfo_statistics	238	Enable TCP Info Statistics
_enable_tenant_id_check	FALSE	Enable Tenant Id check for database link
_enable_tenant_id_transfer	FALSE	Enable Tenant Id transfer
_enable_thr_kill	TRUE	Enable/Disable thread directed signalling
_enable_type_dep_selectivity	TRUE	enable type dependent selectivity estimates
_enable_unified_memory	FALSE	Enable use of unified PGA pool
_enable_verbose_gdr	FALSE	GDR: Enable verbose
_enable_view_pdb	TRUE	Enable Proxy PDB support
_endprot_chunk_comment	chk 10235 dflt	chunk comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_heap_comment	hp 10235 dflt	heap comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_stack_segments	FALSE	overrun protection for kgh stack segments
_endprot_subheaps	TRUE	selective overrun protection for subeheaps
_enforce_minimum_password_rollover_time	TRUE	Enforce minimum PASSWORD_ROLLOVER_TIME of one hour
_enqueue_deadlock_detect_all_global_locks	FALSE	enable deadlock detection on all global enqueues
_enqueue_deadlock_scan_secs	0	deadlock scan interval
_enqueue_deadlock_time_sec	5	requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock detection
_enqueue_debug_multi_instance	FALSE	debug enqueue multi instance
_enqueue_hash	1043	enqueue hash table length
_enqueue_hash_chain_latches	4	enqueue hash chain latches
_enqueue_locks	6060	locks for managed enqueues
_enqueue_paranoia_mode_enabled	FALSE	enable enqueue layer advanced debugging checks
_enqueue_resources	2436	resources for enqueues
_enqueue_scan_interval	0	enqueue scan interval
_enqueue_sync_retry_attempts	15	max number of times the bg process to retry synchronous enqueue open if it failed because master could not allocate memory
_enqueue_sync_sim_mem_error	FALSE	simulate master instance running out of memory when synchronously getting a remotely mastered enqueue
_enqueue_wall_clock_time	FALSE	if TRUE, use KSUFTIME timer
_error_row_predicate_evaluation	AUTO	skip predicate evaluation for error rows
_event_port_opts		Options for event ports
_evt_system_event_propagation	TRUE	disable system event propagation
_exa_pmemlog_threshold_usec	100	maximum i/o time (usecs) for enabled Exadata PMEMLog
_exadata_feature_on	FALSE	Exadata Feature On
_exclude_seed_cdb_view	TRUE	exclude PDB$SEED from CDB View Result
_expand_aggregates	TRUE	expand aggregates
_explain_rewrite_mode	FALSE	allow additional messages to be generated during explain rewrite
_expression_tracking_elem_per_bucket	30	Number of expression usage statistics elements per hash bucket
_expression_tracking_latch_count	16	Number of latches for tracking expression usage statistics
_extended_pruning_enabled	TRUE	do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
_external_scn_activity_tracking	TRUE	enable/disable external scn activity tracking
_external_scn_logging_threshold_seconds	86400	High delta SCN threshold in seconds
_external_scn_rejection_delta_threshold_minutes	0	external SCN rejection delta threshold in minutes
_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	24	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN
_external_table_hive_partition_restricted	TRUE	restrict external tabel hive partition methods to Hive supported
_external_table_smart_scan	HADOOP_ONLY	External Table Smart Scan
_extra_lmn_enabled	TRUE	suppl logging for extra record enabled
_failover_svrcsum	FALSE	enable server checksum to optimize failover
_fair_remote_cvt	FALSE	if TRUE enables fair remote convert
_fairness_threshold	2	number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
_fast_cr_clone	TRUE	enable fast cr clone feature
_fast_cursor_reexecute	FALSE	use more memory in order to get faster execution
_fast_dual_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable fast dual
_fast_full_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable index fast full scan
_fast_index_maintenance	TRUE	fast global index maintenance during PMOPs
_fast_psby_conversion	TRUE	Enable fast physical standby conversion
_fastpin_enable	1	enable reference count based fast pins
_fatalprocess_redo_dump_time_limit	0	time limit, in secs, for diagnostic redo dumps by a fatal process
_fb_log_max_rereads	100	Maximum number of rereads after reading a corrupt flashback block
_fb_recovery_slave_count	0	Number of recovery slaves to be used by the FLASHBACK DATABASE
_fbda_adv_gbl_bscn_bcast_interval	0	flashback archiver broadcast interval to advance global barrier SCN
_fbda_busy_percentage	0	flashback archiver busy percentage
_fbda_debug_assert	0	flashback archiver debug assert for testing
_fbda_debug_mode	0	flashback archiver debug event for testing
_fbda_global_bscn_lag	0	flashback archiver global barrier scn lag
_fbda_inline_percentage	0	flashback archiver inline percentage
_fbda_rac_inactive_limit	0	flashback archiver rac inactive limit
_fbda_tcrv_cleanup_lag	3600	flashback archiver tcrv cleanup lag in secs
_federation_max_root_clones	4000	Maximum number of Root Clones per Root
_federation_script	FALSE	Running a Federation script
_ffs_in_range_scan_threshold	50	threshold of min percentage of block read to use ffs in rs
_fg_fast_sync_slack_usecs	1	DAX log file sync sleep slack time
_fg_fast_sync_sleep_target_pct	50	DAX log file sync sleep target pct
_fg_fast_sync_sleep_usecs	0	DAX log file sync sleep time
_fg_fast_sync_spin_usecs	100	DAX log file sync spin time
_fg_iorm_slaves	1	ForeGround I/O slaves for IORM
_fg_log_checksum	TRUE	Checksum redo in foreground process
_fg_sync_sleep_usecs	0	Log file sync via usleep
_fic_algorithm_set	automatic	Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
_fic_area_size	131072	size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
_fic_min_bmsize	1024	Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
_fifteenth_spare_parameter		fifteenth spare parameter - integer
_fifteenth_spare_pdb_parameter		fifteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_fifth_spare_parameter		fifth spare parameter - integer
_fifth_spare_pdb_parameter		fifth spare pdb parameter - integer
_fiftieth_spare_parameter		fiftieth spare parameter - integer
_fiftieth_spare_pdb_parameter		fiftieth spare pdb parameter - string list
_fifty-eighth_spare_parameter		fifty-eighth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-eighth_spare_pdb_parameter		fifty-eighth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-fifth_spare_parameter		fifty-fifth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-fifth_spare_pdb_parameter		fifty-fifth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-first_spare_parameter		fifty-first spare parameter - integer
_fifty-fourth_spare_parameter		fifty-fourth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-fourth_spare_pdb_parameter		fifty-fourth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-ninth_spare_parameter		fifty-ninth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-ninth_spare_pdb_parameter		fifty-ninth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-second_spare_parameter		fifty-second spare parameter - integer
_fifty-seventh_spare_parameter		fifty-seventh spare parameter - integer
_fifty-seventh_spare_pdb_parameter		fifty-seventh spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-sixth_spare_parameter		fifty-sixth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-sixth_spare_pdb_parameter		fifty-sixth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-third_spare_parameter		fifty-third spare parameter - integer
_fifty-third_spare_pdb_parameter		fifty-third spare pdb parameter - boolean
_file_offline_sync_timeout	900	Timeout to sync file offline enqueue (secs)
_file_set_enqueue_timeout	1200	Timeout to acquire file set enqueue (secs)
_file_size_increase_increment	67108864	Amount of file size increase increment, in bytes
_filemap_dir		FILEMAP directory
_first_k_rows_dynamic_proration	TRUE	enable the use of dynamic proration of join cardinalities
_first_spare_pdb_parameter		first spare pdb parameter - integer
_fix_control		bug fix control parameter
_fix_fuzzy_scn	FALSE	fix fuzzy SCN
_fixup_all_apps	FALSE	Callback to fix up replay state of all applications
_fixup_app_pdb_status_in_root		application name whose PDB application status should be fixed up
_fixup_cdb_apps	FALSE	Callback to fix up replay state of CDB-wide applications
_flashback_11_1_block_new_opt	FALSE	use 11.1 flashback block new optimization scheme
_flashback_allow_noarchivelog	FALSE	Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
_flashback_archiver_partition_size	0	flashback archiver table partition size
_flashback_barrier_interval	1800	Flashback barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_copy_latches	10	Number of flashback copy latches
_flashback_database_test_only	FALSE	Run Flashback Database in test mode
_flashback_delete_chunk_MB	128	Amount of flashback log (in MB) to delete in one attempt
_flashback_dynamic_enable	TRUE	enable flashback enable code path
_flashback_dynamic_enable_failure	0	Simulate failures during dynamic enable
_flashback_enable_ra	TRUE	Flashback enable read ahead
_flashback_format_chunk_mb	4	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using sync write
_flashback_format_chunk_mb_dwrite	16	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using delayed write
_flashback_fuzzy_barrier	TRUE	Use flashback fuzzy barrier
_flashback_generation_buffer_size	16777216	flashback generation buffer size
_flashback_hint_barrier_percent	20	Flashback hint barrier percent
_flashback_log_io_error_behavior	0	Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
_flashback_log_min_size	100	Minimum flashback log size
_flashback_log_rac_balance_factor	10	flashback log rac balance factor
_flashback_log_size	1000	Flashback log size
_flashback_logfile_enqueue_timeout	600	flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
_flashback_marker_cache_enabled	TRUE	Enable flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_cache_size	328	Size of flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_for_every_grp	FALSE	generate a new flashback marker for every GRP
_flashback_max_log_size	0	Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
_flashback_max_n_log_per_thread	2048	Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_max_standby_sync_span	300	Maximum time span between standby recovery sync for flashback
_flashback_n_log_per_thread	128	Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_prepare_log	TRUE	Prepare Flashback logs in the background
_flashback_reclaim_monitor_window	7	Proactive flashback logs reclaimation window
_flashback_reclaim_speed_up	FALSE	Proactive flashback logs reclaimation speed up
_flashback_size_based_on_redo	TRUE	Size new flashback logs based on average redo log size
_flashback_standby_barrier_interval	1	Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_standby_check_barrier_MIRA	20	Flashback standby check barrier generation in seconds
_flashback_standby_check_minpfh_MIRA	15	Flashback standby check minimum high fuzzy scn in seconds
_flashback_stby_support_mira	TRUE	Flashback database on standby supports MIRA
_flashback_validate_controlfile	FALSE	validate flashback pointers in controlfile for 11.2.0.2 database
_flashback_verbose_info	FALSE	Print verbose information about flashback database
_flashback_write_max_loop_limit	10	Flashback writer loop limit before it returns
_flush_ilm_stats	0	flush ilm stats
_flush_log_buffer_force	FALSE	Flush log buffer force
_flush_log_buffer_timeout	0	Flush log buffer wait time in seconds
_flush_plan_in_awr_sql	0	Plan is being flushed from an AWR flush SQL
_flush_redo_to_standby	0	Flush redo to standby test parameter
_flush_undo_after_tx_recovery	TRUE	if TRUE, flush undo buffers after TX recovery
_fob_dgaalloc	TRUE	Fob structure allocation from Domain Global Area memory
_fob_ospshare	TRUE	Fob structure and file descriptor sharing between threads with-in an OSP in MPMT environment
_force_arch_compress	0	Archive Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_cloud_on	FALSE	simulate EHCC code path enable in Cloud Database
_force_containers_subquery	FALSE	force transformation to containers() sub query
_force_datefold_trunc	FALSE	force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
_force_dax_io_err	0	Force I/O error on online/standby redo log
_force_hash_join_spill	FALSE	force hash join to spill to disk
_force_hsc_compress	FALSE	compress all newly created tables
_force_java_pool_zero	FALSE	force java pool size to be zero bytes
_force_local_temp	FALSE	For testing only Forces temporary tablespaces to be LOCAL
_force_logging_in_upgrade	TRUE	force logging during upgrade mode
_force_oltp_compress	FALSE	OLTP Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_oltp_update_opt	TRUE	OLTP Compressed row optimization on update
_force_partial_compress	FALSE	Force using OLTP Partial Compression
_force_pmem_direct_mapped_cache_scan	TRUE	if TRUE, force PMEM mapped direct path scan to cache path scan
_force_rewrite_enable	FALSE	control new query rewrite features
_force_slave_mapping_intra_part_loads	FALSE	Force slave mapping for intra partition loads
_force_standard_compile	FALSE	force compilation of STANDARD
_force_sys_compress	TRUE	Sys compress
_force_temp_space_cleanup	TRUE	Force temp space cleanup after PDB close
_force_temptables_for_gsets	FALSE	executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
_force_tmp_segment_loads	FALSE	Force tmp segment loads
_forced_endian_type	UNKNOWN	Forced endian type of data dictionary
_fortieth_spare_parameter		fortieth spare parameter - integer
_fortieth_spare_pdb_parameter		fortieth spare pdb parameter - string
_forty-eighth_spare_parameter		forty-eighth spare parameter - integer
_forty-eighth_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-eighth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-fifth_spare_parameter		forty-fifth spare parameter - integer
_forty-fifth_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-fifth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-first_spare_parameter		forty-first spare parameter - integer
_forty-first_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-first spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-fourth_spare_parameter		forty-fourth spare parameter - integer
_forty-fourth_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-fourth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-ninth_spare_parameter		forty-ninth spare parameter - integer
_forty-ninth_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-ninth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-second_spare_parameter		forty-second spare parameter - integer
_forty-second_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-second spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-seventh_spare_parameter		forty-seventh spare parameter - integer
_forty-seventh_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-seventh spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-sixth_spare_parameter		forty-sixth spare parameter - integer
_forty-sixth_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-sixth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-third_spare_parameter		forty-third spare parameter - integer
_forty-third_spare_pdb_parameter		forty-third spare pdb parameter - string list
_forwarded_2pc_threshold	10	auto-tune threshold for two-phase commit rate across RAC instances
_fourteenth_spare_pdb_parameter		fourteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_fourth_spare_pdb_parameter		fourth spare pdb parameter - integer
_frame_cache_time	0	number of seconds a cached frame page stay in cache.
_freeze_kgh_timestamp	FALSE	prevent heap manager timestamp from advancing
_fsdirect_fast_file_create	TRUE	Allow optimized file creation path for FsDirects
_full_diag_on_rim	FALSE	rim nodes have full DIA* function
_full_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
_fusion_security	TRUE	Fusion Security
_gas_partition_size	0	Global Address Space Partition Size for each instance
_gby_hash_aggregation_enabled	TRUE	enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
_gby_onekey_enabled	TRUE	enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
_gby_vector_aggregation_enabled	TRUE	enable group-by and aggregation using vector scheme
_gc_affinity_locking	TRUE	if TRUE, enable object affinity
_gc_affinity_locks	TRUE	if TRUE, get affinity locks
_gc_affinity_ratio	50	dynamic object affinity ratio
_gc_anti_lock_ratio	66	dynamic object anti-lock ratio
_gc_async_send	TRUE	if TRUE, send blocks asynchronously
_gc_bg_merge	TRUE	if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the background
_gc_blocking_pins	FALSE	if TRUE, record a histogram of blocking pins
_gc_buckets_per_latch	0	number of hash buckets per latch
_gc_bypass_readers	TRUE	if TRUE, modifications bypass readers
_gc_check_bscn	TRUE	if TRUE, check for stale blocks
_gc_coalesce_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
_gc_cr_server_read_wait	TRUE	if TRUE, cr server waits for a read to complete
_gc_defer_ping_index_only	TRUE	if TRUE, restrict deferred ping to index blocks only
_gc_defer_time	0	how long to defer pings for hot buffers in microseconds
_gc_delay_ping	TRUE	if TRUE, delay pings to hot blocks
_gc_disable_cell_populate	FALSE	if TRUE, disable cell ram cache populate
_gc_disable_s_lock_brr_ping_check	TRUE	if TRUE, disable S lock BRR ping check for lost write protect
_gc_down_convert_after_keep	TRUE	if TRUE, down-convert lock after recovery
_gc_down_convert_after_write	TRUE	if TRUE, down-convert lock after a write
_gc_drm_windows	8	number of DRM windows
_gc_dump_remote_lock	TRUE	if TRUE, dump remote lock
_gc_element_percent	105	global cache element percent
_gc_enable_cr_bypass	TRUE	if TRUE, enable CR bypass mechanism
_gc_fast_index_split_timeout	100	fast index split wait timeout
_gc_fast_index_split_wait	0	fast index split wait usn array size
_gc_fg_merge	TRUE	if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the foreground
_gc_fg_spin_time	0	foreground msgq spin time
_gc_first_dirty_merge	TRUE	if TRUE, merge with a pi after first dirty
_gc_flush_during_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, flush during affinity
_gc_fusion_compression	1024	compress fusion blocks if there is free space
_gc_global_checkpoint_scn	TRUE	if TRUE, enable global checkpoint scn
_gc_global_lru	AUTO	turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_gc_global_lru_touch_count	5	global lru touch count
_gc_global_lru_touch_time	60	global lru touch time in seconds
_gc_integrity_checks	1	set the integrity check level
_gc_interconnect_checksum	FALSE	if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
_gc_keep_recovery_buffers	TRUE	if TRUE, make recovery buffers current
_gc_keep_undo_recovery_buffers	TRUE	if TRUE, make recovery undo buffers current
_gc_latches	32	number of latches per LMS process
_gc_lease_time	10000	lease time for memoptimize reads
_gc_log_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before a current block transfer
_gc_max_downcvt	4096	maximum downconverts to process at one time
_gc_max_reg_sz	68719476736	maximum length for memory registration
_gc_msgq_buffers	0	set number of MSGQ buffers
_gc_no_fairness_for_clones	TRUE	if TRUE, no fairness if we serve a clone
_gc_numa_lock_elements	FALSE	if TRUE, numa aware lock element distribution
_gc_object_queue_max_length	0	maximum length for an object queue
_gc_override_force_cr	TRUE	if TRUE, try to override force-cr requests
_gc_partial_cleanout	TRUE	if TRUE, partial cleanout is enabled
_gc_persistent_read_mostly	TRUE	if TRUE, enable persistent read-mostly locking
_gc_policy_minimum	1500	dynamic object policy minimum activity per minute
_gc_policy_rm_dirty_percent	1	percent of cache which can be dirty for readmostly
_gc_policy_time	20	how often to make object policy decisions in minutes
_gc_rdma_connections	8000	maximum number of buffer cache RDMA connections
_gc_read_mostly_flush_check	FALSE	if TRUE, optimize flushes for read mostly objects
_gc_read_mostly_locking	TRUE	if TRUE, enable read-mostly locking
_gc_sanity_check_cr_buffers	FALSE	if TRUE, sanity check CR buffers
_gc_save_cleanout	FALSE	if TRUE, save cleanout to apply later
_gc_serve_from_flash_cache	FALSE	if TRUE, try to serve a flash cache buffer
_gc_skip_undo_disk_read	TRUE	if TRUE, skip the disk read for undo blocks
_gc_spin_time	32	rdma spin time
_gc_statistics	TRUE	global cache statistics level
_gc_temp_affinity	FALSE	if TRUE, enable global temporary affinity
_gc_trace_blocking_pins	FALSE	if TRUE, trace blocking pins
_gc_trace_freelist_empty	FALSE	if TRUE, dump a trace when we run out of lock elements
_gc_transfer_ratio	75	dynamic object read-mostly transfer ratio
_gc_try_to_skip_imc_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, try to skip an imc populate flush
_gc_undo_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, enable undo affinity
_gc_undo_block_disk_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, enable undo block disk reads
_gc_undo_header_rdma_read	TRUE	if TRUE, rdma read of undo headers is enabled
_gc_undo_rdma_read	FALSE	if TRUE, rdma read of undo blocks is enabled
_gc_vector_read	TRUE	if TRUE, vector read current buffers
_gc_xmem_rdma	FALSE	if TRUE, xmem blocks rdma read is enabled
_gcr_cpu_consumer_dump_level	0	level of process dump performed for CPU consumers
_gcr_cpu_min_free	10	minimum amount of free CPU to flag an anomaly
_gcr_cpu_min_hard_limit	0	hard limit for min free CPU to flag high CPU
_gcr_css_group_large		size of large CSS group above which query/update disabled
_gcr_css_group_query_boost		allowed number of serial multiple queries
_gcr_css_group_try_lock_delay		minimum delay between group locking attempts, secs
_gcr_css_group_update2_interval		interval between CSS group updates when busy, secs
_gcr_css_group_update_interval		interval between CSS group updates, secs
_gcr_css_use_2group_lock	TRUE	if FALSE, GCR will not try to lock 2 CSS groups at the same time
_gcr_disabled_actions		gcr disabled actions list
_gcr_disabled_metrics		gcr disabled metrics list
_gcr_dump_cpu_consumers	FALSE	if TRUE, enable dumps of CPU consumers
_gcr_enable_async_slaves	TRUE	if TRUE, GCR will spawn slave actions asynchronously
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_kill	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rm	TRUE	if TRUE, GCR may enable a RM plan under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rt	TRUE	if TRUE, GCR may boost bg priority under high load
_gcr_enable_high_memory_kill	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high memory load
_gcr_enable_kill_inst_diags	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR will collect OS diags prior to kill instance
_gcr_enable_ktfbue_gather_stats	TRUE	enable/disable gather stats on X$KTFBUE
_gcr_enable_new_drm_check	TRUE	if FALSE, revert to old drm load metric
_gcr_enable_pdb_abort	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR will process pdb abort messages
_gcr_enable_statistical_cpu_check	TRUE	if FALSE, revert to old cpu load metric
_gcr_ges_cachedres_mult	20	ges cached resources multiplier
_gcr_ges_longchain_mult	5	ges longchain multiplier
_gcr_high_cpu_threshold	10	minimum amount of CPU process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_high_cpwt_threshold	30	longest tolerable ctwr process waits time
_gcr_high_fbwt_threshold	300	longest tolerable free buffer waits time
_gcr_high_hashlist_latch_nowait_misses	10000	highest hash list get nowait fails tolerable
_gcr_high_hashlist_latch_wait_misses	10000	highest hash list get wait fails tolerable
_gcr_high_lfsci_threshold	1800	longest tolerable log file switch (checkpoint incomplete) wait
_gcr_high_memory_threshold	10	minimum amount of Memory process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_max_rt_procs		maximum number of RT DLM processes allowed by GCR
_gcr_mem_min_free	10	minimum amount of free memory to flag an anomaly
_gcr_min_free_memory_hard_limit	1073741824	hard limit for minimum free memory,for high memory systems
_gcr_tick		duration of time tick used by state machine, centisecs
_gcr_use_css	TRUE	if FALSE, GCR wont register with CSS nor use any CSS feature
_gcs_cluster_flash_cache_mode	0	cluster flash cache mode
_gcs_cluster_flash_cache_persistency	FALSE	Enable cluster flash cache persistency (FALSE = disable (default), TRUE = enable
_gcs_cr_master_ping_remote	TRUE	if TRUE, cr request from master will ping the remote holder
_gcs_crslave_check_time	10	time interval to check for load on cr slaves in seconds
_gcs_crslave_longq_cnt	2000	long queue time threshold for cr slave
_gcs_crslave_longq_us	1000	long queue time for cr slave in microseconds
_gcs_current_rdma	1	if greater than 0, rdma read of current blocks is enabled
_gcs_current_rdma_grant_global	TRUE	if TRUE, enable rdma read of current blocks for global role
_gcs_disable_imc_preallocation	FALSE	disable preallocation for imc memory requirement in RAC
_gcs_disable_remote_handles	FALSE	disable remote client/shadow handles
_gcs_disable_skip_close_remastering	FALSE	if TRUE, disable skip close optimization in remastering
_gcs_dynamic_sga	FALSE	if TRUE, enable dynamic cache fusion resources in runtime
_gcs_dynamic_sga_preference	0	gcs dynamic sga preference
_gcs_dynamic_slaves	TRUE	if TRUE, it enables dynamic adjustment of the number of gcs slaves
_gcs_enable_private_iterator	TRUE	Enable private iterator for GCS locks
_gcs_fast_reconfig	TRUE	if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
_gcs_flash_cache_mode	0	flash cache mode
_gcs_freelists_alloc_percent	0	initial allocation of gcs freelists percentage of max usage
_gcs_integrity_checks	1	cache fusion integrity check level
_gcs_latches	128	number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per LMS process
_gcs_lsr_frequency	60	frequency of invoking lock state resolution in seconds
_gcs_min_cr_slaves	0	if non zero, it enables the minimum number of gcs slaves
_gcs_min_slaves	0	if non zero, it enables the minimum number of gcs slaves
_gcs_partial_open_mode	1	partial open cache fusion service in reconfiguration
_gcs_pkey_history	16384	number of pkey remastering history
_gcs_process_in_recovery	TRUE	if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
_gcs_recoverable_asserts	0	if non-zero, enable recoverable assert resolution
_gcs_res_hash_buckets		number of gcs resource hash buckets to be allocated
_gcs_res_per_bucket	4	number of gcs resource per hash bucket
_gcs_reserved_resources	400	allocate the number of reserved resources in reconfiguration
_gcs_reserved_shadows	400	allocate the number of reserved shadows in reconfiguration
_gcs_resources	0	number of gcs resources to be allocated
_gcs_shadow_locks	0	number of gcs shadow locks to be allocated
_gcs_spin_check_instance_threshold	30	threshold timeout to dump proc in spin check in seconds
_gcs_spin_check_threshold	4096	spin check attempt count
_gcs_spin_check_time_interval	300	spin check time interval in seconds
_gcs_testing	0	GCS testing parameter
_gcs_trace_bucket	FALSE	TRUE: use GCS trace bucket and trace LOW by default, FALSE: use default bucket but trace only if enabled
_gcs_trace_bucket_size	LMS:1048576-RMV:1048576-CRV:1048576-DBW:524288	size of the GCS trace bucket in bytes (format: "LMS:-RMV:-CRV:-DBW:")
_gcs_track_reliable_block_sends	FALSE	if TRUE, track block lost on reliable interconnect
_gcs_verify_antilock	FALSE	if TRUE, enable anti-lock check
_gdr_clear_active_only	FALSE	GDR: Clear active ranges only
_gdr_clear_inactive_only	FALSE	GDR: Clear inactive ranges only
_gdr_control_flags	0	gdr control flags
_gds_allow_nullkey	0	allow the use of nullable shard key columns
_gds_chunk_num	0	number of chunks in sharding environment
_gds_lddlid	0	the id of the last executed DDL query
_gds_max_chunk_num	0	max chunk_num used in sharding environment
_gds_shardgroup_id	0	shardgroup database is in
_generalized_pruning_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_ges_dd_debug	1	if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug diagnostics
_ges_default_lmds	*	default lmds for enqueue hashing
_ges_designated_master	TRUE	designated master for GES and GCS resources
_ges_diagnostics	TRUE	if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
_ges_diagnostics_asm_dump_level	11	systemstate level on global enqueue diagnostics blocked by ASM
_ges_direct_free	FALSE	if TRUE, free each resource directly to the freelist
_ges_direct_free_res_type		string of resource types(s) to directly free to the freelist
_ges_dump_open_locks	FALSE	if TRUE, dump open locks for the LCK process during shutdown
_ges_fggl	TRUE	DLM fg grant lock on/off
_ges_freeable_res_chunk_free	TRUE	if TRUE, free dynamic resource chunks which are freeable
_ges_freeable_res_chunk_free_interval	180	time interval for freeing freeable dynamic resource chunks
_ges_gather_res_reuse_stats	FALSE	if TRUE, gather resource reuse statistics
_ges_hash_groups	*	enqueue hash table groups
_ges_health_check	0	if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
_ges_lmd_mapping	*	enqueue to lmd mapping
_ges_mseq_demo	0	demo mseq wrap scenarios (dflt is 0)
_ges_nres_divide	0	how to divide number of enqueue resources among hash tables
_ges_num_blockers_to_kill	1	number of blockers to be killed for hang resolution
_ges_optimizations	3	GES optimizations level
_ges_resource_memory_opt	4	enable different level of ges res memory optimization
_ges_server_processes	1	number of background global enqueue server processes
_ges_vbfreelists	0	number of valueblock freelists (will be adjusted to power of 2)
_global_hang_analysis_interval_secs	10	the interval at which global hang analysis is run
_globaldict_analyzer_pct	100	Maximum percentage of unique values in analyzer phase for GD
_globaldict_chain_limit	32	Chain limit for global dictionary
_globaldict_check	0	Dictionary checking
_globaldict_chunk_minalloc	FALSE	Force minimum chunk allocation size
_globaldict_dbg	0	Global dictionary debug modes
_globaldict_enable	2	Enable segment dictionary
_globaldict_max_gdsize	1073741824	Maximum number of entries in a Global dictionary
_globaldict_reprobe_limit	1	Reprobe limit for global dictionary
_globaldict_use_ndv	TRUE	Use NDV for sizing global dictionary, if available
_globalindex_pnum_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables filter for global index with partition extended syntax
_grant_read_instead_of_select	FALSE	grant read privilege instead of select wherever applicable
_grant_secure_role	FALSE	Disallow granting of SR to other SR or NSR
_grant_unlimited_tablespace_role	FALSE	Allow UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege grant to database roles
_group_membership_bucket_batch_size	8	ksimpoll group membership bucket batch size
_group_membership_bucket_scan_timeout	5	ksimpoll group membership bucket scan timeout
_group_membership_entries_per_bucket	100	ksimpoll group membership entries per bucket
_groupby_nopushdown_cut_ratio	3	groupby nopushdown cut ratio
_groupby_orderby_combine	5000	groupby/orderby don't combine threshold
_gs_anti_semi_join_allowed	TRUE	enable anti/semi join for the GS query
_gsm		GSM descriptions
_gsm_config_vers	0	version of gsm config
_gsm_cpu_thresh	75	CPU busy threshold
_gsm_drv_interval	30	metric derived values interval
_gsm_max_instances_per_db	8	maximum number of instances per database in gsm cloud
_gsm_max_num_regions	10	maximum number of regions in gsm cloud
_gsm_pool_size	134217728	Global Shared Memory size
_gsm_region_list		List of GSM Regions
_gsm_srlat_thresh	20	Single block read latency threshold
_gsm_srvctl_diag_time	0	gsm invoked srvctl pre-timeout diagnostic time
_gsm_srvctl_timeout	0	gsm invoked srvctl timeout
_gsm_svcrgnmax	100	Maximum Service x Region statistics
_gsm_thresh_respct	50	threshold resource percentage
_gsm_thresh_zone	10	threshold zone
_gwm_autoons_ha_subscription		AutoONS HA notification subscription string
_gwm_autoons_rlb_subscription		AutoONS RLB notification subscription string
_gwm_database_flags		GWM Database Flags
_gwm_db_unique_name		gsm db_unique_name name
_gwm_disable_ra	FALSE	Oracle internal parameter
_gwm_int_dbnum	0	GWM internal db id
_gwm_lagtype		gsm lag type
_gwm_spare1		gsm spare 1
_gwm_spare2	0	gsm spare 2
_gwm_spare3	0	gsm spare 3
_gwm_sys_ddl	0	allow DDL as SYS
_gwm_use_srvctl	0	use srvctl for service mnagement
_gws_cache_version	0	the shard/catalog cache version.
_gws_catalog_wallet	0	the sharding catalog has a wallet
_gws_deployed	0	the shardb/catalog has been deployed for sharding.
_gws_encddl	0	Encrypt DDL text.
_gws_sharding_method	0	Sharding method used (system-managed/user-defined/composite)
_hang_allow_resolution_on_single_nonrac	DBRM	Hang Management allow resolution on single non-RAC instances
_hang_analysis_num_call_stacks	3	hang analysis num call stacks
_hang_analyze_elapsed_time_limit	1800	Hang Analyze elapsed time limit in seconds
_hang_analyze_oradebug_time_limit	900	timeout for oradebug invoked hang analysis
_hang_appl_issue_session_threshold	0	Hang Management application issue session threshold
_hang_application_hang_resolution_enabled	FALSE	Hang Management application related hang resolution enabled
_hang_asm_hang_resolution_enabled	FALSE	Hang Management ASM hang resolution enabled
_hang_base_file_count	5	Number of trace files for the normal base trace file
_hang_base_file_space_limit	100000000	File space limit for current normal base trace file
_hang_blocked_session_percent_threshold	20	Hang Manager fast-track blocked session percent threshold
_hang_bool_spare1	TRUE	Hang Management bool 1
_hang_bool_spare2	TRUE	Hang Management bool 2
_hang_bool_spare3	TRUE	Hang Management bool 3
_hang_cpu_hung_thresh_sec	120